Transmission electron microscopy study of extended defect evolution and amorphization in SiC under Si ion irradiation

The damage induced in 3C-SiC epilayers on a silicon wafer by 2.3-MeV Si ion irradiation for fluences of 10¹⁴, 10¹⁵, and 10¹⁶ cm⁻², was studied by conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM/HRTEM). The evolution of extended defects and lattice disorder is followed in both the 3C-SiC film and Si substrate as a function of ion fluence, with reference to previous FTIR spectroscopy data. The likelihood of athermal unfaulting of native stacking faults by point defect migration to the native stacking faults is discussed in relation to damage recovery. Threshold energy densities and irradiation doses for dislocation loop formation and amorphous phase transformation are deduced from the damage depth profile by nuclear collisions. The role of electronic excitations on the damage recovery at high fluence is also addressed for both SiC and Si.     

The Impact of Fluid Dynamic Stress in Stirred Bioreactors – The Scale of the Biological Entity: A Personal View

From the start of industrial biotechnology, there has been a perception that biological entities are damaged by stirring, so-called ‘shear damage'. Often, it was the soft option to explain a loss of performance when it was due to other factors, such as bubble ingestion with proteins or on scale-up, where tip speed increased when it was due to decreased homogeneity, especially in pH. For many years, poor control and the range of analytical tools available made a more in-depth explanation difficult; and the concepts of ‘high' and ‘low shear' impellers, now largely disproven, increased it. Here, the size of the biological entity is compared to the Kolmogorov microscale of turbulence leading to a reasonably clear picture emerging. The article starts with the author's introduction to the issue approximately 42 year ago with enzymes, conveniently also the smallest entity; and finishes with the largest, filamentous fungi.     

不同应力状态下铝合金变形及损伤机理的研究

利用改装的Arcan夹具对铝合金（6063）的蝶形试样进行0°，30°，45°，60°，90°的拉伸及拉伸卸载试验，研究了铝合金在不同应力状态下变形及损伤机理。结果表明：铝合金在不同应力状态下的工程应力一应变曲线明显不同。0°加载时，在蝶形中心产生微孔洞，微孔洞之间剪切，从而产生了微裂纹。随着微裂纹的扩展、连接导致试样断裂。随着试样中三轴应力度的减小，在蝶形试样中心的剪切应力不断增大，同时在蝶形试样中的剪切变形带越来越集中。显微裂纹首先在剪切带中产生，随着微裂纹的扩展导致试样的断裂。90°拉伸时，在蝶形中心形成明显的剪切变形带。90°加载时，在试样中产生的剪切带是形变剪切带而非相变剪切带。利用有限元软件ABAQUS对不同角度拉伸试验进行模拟，从而得出了不同应力状态下的塑性区的形状和大小。     

相控阵超声检测技术在碳纤维结构分层缺陷检测中的试验

以碳纤维层压结构中容易产生的分层缺陷为研究对象,采用相控阵超声检测技术进行CIVA仿真和检测试验。通过声场及缺陷的建模和CIVA仿真检测试验,得出了碳纤维层压结构分层缺陷的理想检测参数。设计制作了模拟分层试验件,并进行实际检测试验,结果表明相控阵超声技术可以有效地检测该类缺陷。     

Experimental investigations of machining characteristics and removal mechanisms of advanced ceramics in high speed deep grinding

Machining characteristics and surface integrity of advanced ceramics, including alumina, alumina–titania, and yttria partially stabilized tetragonal zirconia, were studied under high speed deep grinding conditions. Material removal mechanisms involved in the grinding processes were explored. The material removal in the grinding of alumina and alumina–titania was dominated by grain dislodgement or lateral cracking along grain boundaries. The removal for zirconia was via both local micro fracture and ductile cutting. It was found that under a feed rate of 500 mm/min and for all the wheel speeds used, an increase in the wheel depth of cut (DOC) from 0.1–2 mm slightly improved the ground surface finish, but greatly prolonged the wheel life. This increase did not deepen the subsurface damage layer for the alumina and alumina–titania, but resulted in a slightly deeper damage layer for the zirconia.     

IMPROVEMENT ON FATIGUE LIFE OF ALLOY LY12CZ AFTER LASER RADIATION AND ITS DAMAGE EVOLUTION

The change of microstructure of fatigue specimens before and after laser radiation was studiedby transmission electron microscopy.The results show that the diameter of dislocation cell λtends to a constant at fatigue failure.Based on the principles of continuous damagemechanics,expressions of the fatigue damage criterion and processes of fatigue damage evolu-tion for L Y12CZ have been derived.     

THE CREEP─DAMAGE BEHAVIOUR FOR SINGLE CRYSTAL NICKEL-BASE SUPERALLOY

基于镍基单晶合金蠕变过程中的细、微观组织结构变化及损伤特点，本文建立了考虑材质劣化和空洞损伤的双参数蠕变损伤本构方程及寿命预测模型。利用ＤＤ３单晶材料〈００１〉晶体取向的７６０，８５０和１０００℃实验结果考核表明，所建模型可以比较准确地预测蠕变第二、第三阶段变形状态及破坏特征。第二阶段持续时间、第三阶段开始时间可以表示成蠕变应力的指数函数；随着温度的升高，材料劣化加剧，空洞损伤也增加。     

Morphological analysis and classification of types of surface corrosion damage by digital image processing

This paper examines a new concept of corrosion surface damage analysis by using the digital image processing. Corrosion phenomena are analyzed using a digital value for morphological surface damages instead of electrochemical methods. Initial images are characterized by three categories: color, texture and shape features. To calculate corrosion surface damages color we use the interpretation of HIS model. For the texture attributes, the method of co-occurrence matrix is used. Five types of corrosion damage are examined. Multidimensional scaling procedure is used to define the classification plane. This study suggests a probabilistic method of decision-making. This analysis develops a method for automated identification system of corrosion damages and is supposed to be more advantageous than that of electrochemical techniques.     

冷轧工作辊摩擦不稳定分析及其抑制对策

对冷轧机工作辊由于摩擦力引起的垂直、横向振动作了定性分析，指出了它们的危害，提出了预防措施。     

Ti(CN)涂层的宏观应力与破坏方式SCIEI

用Nb-752薄长条做衬底材料,按C_2H_2/N_2分别为3/2和2/3两种气体流量比获得Ti(CN)_(3/2)和Ti(CN)_(2/3)两种涂层,由单面镀膜样品弯曲的曲率半径计算出涂层的宏观残余应力约为2—3GPa,其中热应力占10—20％,涂层与基材界面处应力状态分析表明,界面存在一剪切残留应力并计算大小为0.1—0.2GPa。此外,采用应力圆法分析涂层受力状态,讨论了涂层受外载作用下的破坏方式。