Impedance spectroscopy study of hardened Portland cement paste

In this paper, the differential impedance analysis (DIA) has been applied to the study of the dielectric properties of hardened Portland cement paste. Two time constants are found in the impedance spectra obtained in the frequency region form 100 kHz to 15 MHz. One time constant has been attributed to the solid matrix and the other one to the liquid phase filling the pores. The effect of the cement paste-electrodes interface has been quantified using two different experimental set-ups. Measurements using direct contact between electrodes and cement paste have been compared with measurements using an air gap technique in which the specimen “floats” between the electrodes. The two referred time constants have been found in both types of measurements. The influence of drying on the dielectric parameters is also studied.     

改性MgO膨胀剂对水泥浆体流动度和膨胀性能的影响

为了改善MgO膨胀剂(MgO expansive agent,简称MEA)对混凝土流动性的不利影响和延缓氧化镁混凝土的膨胀时间,采用十八碳不饱和脂肪酸对MEA进行表面改性,测试了改性MEA的活性指数、孔结构和水化热等特性,并通过测定掺改性MEA的水泥浆体的流动度和膨胀性能来评价其改性效果。结果表明:MEA经过表面改性后,其活性指数增大,孔结构被细化,水化放热时间有所延迟;改性MEA可明显降低MEA水泥浆体的流动度经时损失,并有效地延缓MEA水泥浆体的膨胀时间,提高其后期膨胀量。研究成果可为表面改性MEA在大体积混凝土中的应用提供参考。     

松散回填层及深厚淤泥地基联合灌浆加固技术研究

江苏某风电场升压站电缆沟地基为厚约３ｍ的土夹石回填层和１５ｍ的淤泥层,因施工时回填层未分层碾压,淤泥层也未作处理,工程运行后出现了明显下沉,局部下沉量超过了３０ｃｍ,严重影响到电缆及设备的正常运行,亟需进行加固处理。针对该电缆沟回填层孔隙大、淤泥层深厚、地下管线复杂、施工空间受限、工期短,以及减沉加固效果要求高等工程特点,研究采用了“水泥膏浆＋稳定性浆液”、 “压力－流量双限控制”、“深－浅孔布孔”相结合的联合灌浆加固处理方法,以工后沉降为控制目标,对孔排距、灌浆压力和灌浆量进行了设计,对水泥膏浆和稳定性浆液进行了现场配比试验和灌浆施工,并对加固处理效果进行了分析评价。工后沉降监测表明,联合灌浆对于松散回填层及深厚淤泥地基加固处理效果较好,可为类似工程提供参考。     

Method for calculating dynamic yield stress of fresh cement pastes using a coaxial cylinder system

The calculation of the rheological parameters of fresh cement pastes plays a key role in understanding the rheology of cement-based mixes. Because cement paste is not a simple Bingham fluid, a suitable nonlinear model must be found for characterizing its flow. A test system in which the rotational speed or shear rate can be changed in multiple steps is regarded as a suitable rheological test protocol because the paste reaches a steady state. Furthermore, theoretical derivations show that the solution of the Couette inverse problem corresponding to the modified Bingham model and the Herschel–Bulkley (H-B) model is complex. However, a comparative analysis revealed that the yield stress of fresh paste could easily be obtained through a calculation process based on a Parabolic model. This study presents the complete calculation procedure for this model. The influence of the plug flow is considered, and test points with low minimum shear stress (τ_min) are excluded. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method is verified through comparisons with the results obtained using mini-cone slump tests. These results show that the dynamic yield stress calculated using the expression of the Couette inverse problem based on the Parabolic model in consideration of the plug flow is very close to the yield stress obtained using the mini-cone slump flow test. This proves that the proposed method could precisely characterize the dynamic yield stress of cement pastes.     

PREPARATION OF SILVER POWDER FOR CONDUCTIVE PASTE

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银包铜粉的制备工艺及研究进展

介绍了银包铜粉的制备工艺及研究现状。银包铜粉的制备方法包括置换法、化学还原法、置换与化学沉积复合法及熔融雾化法。分析了常见的置换法和化学还原法制备银包铜粉时的镀液组成、沉积机制,给出了较为成熟的制备工艺。银包铜粉与贵金属粉相比有着极高的价格优势,在电子浆料中有着广阔的应用前景。     

离子轰击膏剂渗硼试验

通过增加辅助阴极,提高无附加热源的离子渗氮炉的升温速度和使用温度,以满足离子渗硼的需要,对以硼铁为供硼剂的渗硼膏剂进行试验,选出在本试验条件下的最佳渗硼膏剂。利用此膏剂,对45钢在850℃×3h条件下进行离子渗硼,得到180μm厚的渗硼层。     

A selective modified bentonite–porphyrin carbon paste electrode for determination of Mn(II) by using anodic stripping voltammetry

A novel voltammetric sensor based on chemically modified bentonite–porphyrin carbon paste electrode (MBPCE) has been introduced for the determination of trace amount of Mn(II) in wheat flour, wheat rice and vegetables. In this method Mn(II) gives well-defined voltammetric peak at the pH range of 3.5–7.5. For the preliminary screening purpose, the catalyst was prepared by modification of bentonite with porphyrin and characterized by thermogravimetric method (TG) and UV–vis spectroscopy. The detection limit (three times signal-to-noise) with 4 min accumulation is 1.07 × 10⁻⁷ mol L⁻¹ Mn(II). The peak currents increases linearly with Mn(II) concentration over the range of 6.0 × 10⁻⁷ to 5.0 × 10⁻⁴ mol L⁻¹ (r² = 0.9959). Statistical treatment of the results gave a relative standard deviation lower than 2.30%. The chemical and instrumental parameters have been optimized and the results showed that 1000-fold excess of the additive ions had not interferences on the determination of Mn(II).     

Modelling Industrial Wastewater Ozonation In Bubble Contactors. 1. Rate Coefficient Determination

A study of the ozonation of distillery and tomato wastewaters was carried out in a small bubble contactor in order to obtain kinetic data for scaling-up. Thus, several parameters, such as chemical oxygen demand (COD), 254 nm absorbance (A₂₅₄) and organic carbon content (OC), were followed during ozonation at different experimental conditions.

For distillery wastewaters all parameters investigated have the highest decreases during the first minutes of ozonation, A₂₅₄ showing the highest disappearance rates. Thus, during the first fifteen minutes of ozonation an important decrease of the 254 nm absorbance (? 75%) was observed. At further reaction times values of all parameters studied decrease slowly, eventually reaching a plateau value. During approximately the first two hours of reaction, dissolved ozone was never found, which suggested that fast or moderate gas-liquid reactions took place in the wastewaters.     

The rim zone of cement-based materials – Barrier or fast lane for chemical degradation?

Sophisticated evaluation models for the long-term stability of cement-based systems demand a precise knowledge of the mechanisms of deterioration reactions, particularly respecting a permanent exposure to aqueous environments. Commonly, insights into these mechanisms are deduced from long-term investigations. However, these chemical reactions start immediately after exposure to aggressive environments causing rapid changes of composition and structure. Consequently, properties of its rim zone change, which affects transport processes in aqueous solutions. In laboratory experiments, the influence of these surface processes on the stability of cement-based materials exposed to different chloride solutions was studied as a function of time and temperature. Analysis of compositional and structural changes beneath the surface reveal the role of crystalline covering layers for chemical resistance. Such layers are often described as protective barriers. However, these processes in the rim zone can accelerate chemical degradation and subsequently reduce the resilience of the cement-based materials to aggressive aqueous environments.