Indications for the applicability of element signature analysis for the determination of the geographic origin of dried beef and poultry meat

In order to determine the geographic origin of poultry and dried beef, concentrations of a total of 72 different elements (occasionally represented with several isotopes) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma high resolution mass spectrometry (ICP-HRMS). Additionally, gross chemical composition (GCC) was analyzed. The 25 poultry breast filets samples originated from Switzerland, France, Germany, Hungary, Brazil, and Thailand, and the 23 dried beef samples, made from M. biceps femoris and M. semitendinosus, were produced in Switzerland, Austria, Australia, United States, and Canada out of raw meat originating either from these or from other countries. A total of 66 and 46 of the elements and isotopes followed were detected in beef and poultry, respectively. For statistical analyses, only the most abundant isotopes per element were used. For both poultry meat and dried beef, a differentiation of the origins was possible using those elements, which were significantly different across countries (As, Na, Rb, and Tl in poultry; B, Ca, Cd, Cu, Dy, Eu, Ga, Li, Ni, Pd, Rb, Sr, Te, Tl, Tm, V, Yb, and Zn in beef). No sufficient differentiation between origins was possible with GCC. Further studies have to confirm the suitability of this approach for meat authentication with more samples.     

The new method of traceability of a force-balanced piston gauge used as primary vacuum standard

The force-balanced piston gauge is a primary vacuum standard developed in the 1990s. The general principle of the instrument was first presented in Ooiwa A (Metrologia 30 (1994) 607). Non-rotating piston is connected to an electronic dynamometer and centered by means of transient gas flow in a double tapered gap between piston and cylinder. More details about it can be found in Delajoud, Girard(NCSL International Workshop and Symposium 2002; Vakuum Forschung Praxis 15 (2003) 24) and Tesar, Prazak(Vacuum 67 (2002) 307).Czech Metrology Institute developed its own method of the primary traceability of this instrument through the determination of its effective area. In this paper, there will be described experimental setup of this comparison as well as the experimental results from the traceability calibrations of the effective area in gauge and absolute mode using experimental method of hydrostatic comparison with the classical rotating piston balances and a digital non-rotating piston balance. It will, of course, include the uncertainty budget of this way of traceability and the final uncertainty of the pressure generation of the instrument.     

Capturing quality requirements of product family architecture

Software quality is one of the major issues with software intensive systems. Moreover, quality is a critical success factor in software product families exploiting shared architecture and common components in a set of products. Our contribution is the QRF (Quality Requirements of a software Family) method, which explicitly focuses on how quality requirements have to be defined, represented and transformed to architectural models. The method has been applied to two experiments; one in a laboratory environment and the other in industry. The use of the QRF method is exemplified by the Distribution Service Platform (DiSeP), the laboratory experiment. The lessons learned are also based on our experiences of applying the method in industrial settings.     

A traceability information model for CNC manufacturing

This paper proposes an information model for tracing CNC manufacturing operations. The objective of the model is to assure that traceability data is comprehensive and available for every CNC machined product, independent of the relationship between the subcontractor and the contractor. The prominent feature of the model is a link between CNC report data for a product instance, the CAD design and the CAM data. This link enables users to browse the traceability data and understand the relationships between the manufacturing process, the CAD design and the CAM data. The link is independent of the systems used to build the CAD and CAM data, and allows the users to be sure the manufactured product contains the required characteristics. Then if a product instance fails, this linkage will make possible to analyze the trace data and identify any exceptions or unusual conditions in the manufacturing process.     

Mapping the IEC 62264 models onto the Zachman framework for analysing products information traceability: a case study

In order to face new regulation directives regarding the environment and also for improving their customer relationship, enterprises have to increasingly be more able to manage their product information during the entire lifecycle. One of the objectives among others in this paper is to deal with product traceability along the product lifecycle. To meet this objective, the information system has to be designed and, further built in such a way all information regarding products is recorded. The IEC 62264 standards define generic logical models for exchanging product and process information between business and manufacturing levels of enterprise applications. Thus, it can be a base for product information traceability. However, its complexity comes from the fact it mixes conceptual and implementation details while no methodology exists that defines how to instantiate it. Product traceability is then needed to increase its abstraction level in order to concentrate on its concepts and managing its application by providing a methodology for its instantiation. In this paper, we propose to map the IEC 62264 standard models to a particular view of Zachman framework in order to make the framework concrete as a guideline for applying the standard and for providing the key players in information systems design with a methodology to use the standard for traceability purposes.     

汽车发动机装配线数据采集追溯系统的架构设计

从汽车发动机装配过程关键质量点分析入手,对汽车发动机装配线数据采集和追溯系统的硬件架构进行了详细设计,对系统软件架构和软件功能分别进行了细致描述,并进行了系统架构的应用分析,从整体上搭建出完整的汽车发动机装配线数据采集追溯系统模型。     

Intra-muscular and inter-muscular variation in carbon turnover of ovine muscles as recorded by stable isotope ratios

In the case of muscle-based foods, the incorporation of dietary isotopic signals into muscle tissue is a dynamic process and it is not known whether all muscles, or locations within a muscle, have the same isotopic composition. Therefore, an experiment was conducted in which 28 lambs were switched from a control diet to an isotopically distinct experimental diet offered at two different energy allowances (EA). Small, albeit significant, differences were detected in tissue carbon (C) turnover within the muscle Longissimus dorsi. Inter-muscular comparison showed similar C half-lives for four of the five analysed muscles. The results also clearly demonstrated that the EA had a significant impact on intra- and inter-muscular C turnover. The findings of similar tissue C turnover of several muscles sold as meats and the comparable tissue-diet fractionation of the analysed muscles (both within the same EA) will enable scientists to analyse different meat samples according to availability without introducing large biases. However, EA must be considered a factor of uncertainty.     

基于PML结构文件的MapReduce算法优化*

针对目前物联网和云计算技术结合后,物联网RFID产生的小型数据致使云计算中MapReduce算法产生运算瓶颈问题进行了研究。运用PML和EPC编码技术保证了数据存储的完整,采用快速排序和改进XGrind压缩技术对于MapReduce算法进行优化。由实验获得,优化后MapReduce算法减小64%的I/O吞吐和45%的CPU耗用,同时使查询数据效率提高75%,可改善查询物联网获取的海量信息的效能。最终通过对云计算下MapReduce算法的优化,为云计算下的物联网追溯平台数据高效使用提供了技术支撑。     

PCR detection of Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis in sourdough and Panettone baked product

Sourdoughs, in which Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis is the predominant bacterial species, are distinctive of some traditional Italian sweet baked products like Panettone. The direct extraction of amplifiable bacterial DNA from products subjected to heat treatment represents a valid tool to identify and trace microbial species originally present in the food matrices. Three types of protocols for the isolation and clean-up of DNA (CTAB, Wizard^® DNA Clean-Up System, NucleoSpin^® Food) were applied on mother, final dough and end-product samples and compared through the determination of the maximum amplifiable dilution by a PCR reaction targeting two fragments (1460 and 153 bp long) of 16S rDNA region of Lb. sanfranciscensis. CTAB extracting protocol was revealed to be the best for isolating DNA. In dough samples the amplification with the 153 bp fragment showed signals at concentration levels that are comparable with the values obtained from the plate counts, and two log cycles higher than those found with the amplification targeting the 1460 bp fragment. In the cooked samples only the 153 bp amplicon was detected, indicating that oven cooking degrades DNA into small fragments.