星载大气痕量气体差分吸收光谱仪杂散光抑制

考虑杂散光对星载大气痕量气体差分吸收光谱仪测量精度的影响,设计了遮光罩和其他消杂光结构来抑制杂散光,并对杂散光进行了分析。利用TracePro软件分析了系统紫外通道1(240～315nm)的杂散光水平,确定了杂散光传输的一次、二次散射路径。根据杂散光传输路径,计算了杂散光评价指标点源透射比(PST)曲线,结果显示杂散光抑制措施效果明显,PST小于3×10-5,中心视场杂散光照度水平为5.472×10-4,最终杂散光水平达到了设计指标要求。采用截止滤光片法测量了系统的杂散光水平,结果表明:中心视场杂散光比值为8.167×10-4,和仿真结果接近,验证了仿真过程的准确性,说明设计的消杂光机构能够满足抑制系统杂散光的要求。     

Nonlinear transmittance of the 4-keto bacteriorhodopsin

The photocycle of the 4-keto bacteriorhodopsin is investigated. We constructed a multilevel theoretical model for the nonlinear transmittance properties of the material. Adjusting the relaxation parameters we are able to fit the theoretical intensity dependent transmittance curves into the experiments and to determine the photocycle from simple optical measurements.     

Characterisation and stability of low-emittance multiple coatings for glazing applications

We present experimental studies on the deposition and characterisation of ZnS/Ag/ZnS low-e coatings carried out to assess their optical performance and stability. Theoretical predictions of the coatings optical properties were combined with measured emissivity () values to derive a figure of merit (η) defined as the ratio of luminous transmittance over emissivity. A coating consisting of 37.0 nm ZnS/21.5 nm Ag/37.0 nm ZnS was found to maximise η. Long-term experiments on the produced ZnS/Ag/ZnS coatings, under solar irradiation have revealed that a moderate vacuum (10⁻²–10⁻³ mbar) is required to avoid degradation of the film properties. Four-layer ZnS/Al/Ag/ZnS and five-layer ZnS/Ag/ZnS/Ag/ZnS coatings were produced and tested for thermal stability. They were both found to withstand heating at 300°C for 3 h. The four-layer structures however, present low transmittance in the visible, due to absorption by the Al layer.     

A new spectrogoniophotometer to measure leaf spectral and directional optical properties

In this paper we present a new spectrogoniophotometer (SGP) dedicated to the assessment of plant leaf bidirectional optical properties. It consists of a mechanical apparatus coupled with an imaging spectrometer using a bidimensional CCD photodetector. Unpolarized light fluxes are sampled at high spectral and directional resolution to provide biconical reflectance and transmittance factors, every nanometer from 500 nm to 880 nm and at 800 source-sensor configurations (four illumination directions by 200 viewing directions covering the whole sphere). From these calibrated measurements we derive the leaf Bidirectional Reflectance and Transmittance Distribution Functions (BRDF and BTDF). The angular-integrated quantities defined as the Directional Hemispherical Reflectance and Transmittance Function (DHRF and DHTF) are also calculated. The first three sections emphasize the instrumental and calibration issues, as well as the radiometric definitions. In the last section we present some experimental results acquired on various monocot and dicot leaves with special attention to surface reflection. The shape, position and magnitude of the specular lobe, which is a characteristic of many leaves in the forward direction, is investigated for beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) using a leaf BRDF model. The width of the specular peak is very variable according to the species and the illumination angle, as well as its contribution to the directional-hemispherical reflectance. Finally, implications in plant physiology or remote sensing are broached.     

LCD-based color filter films fabricated by a pigment-based colorant photo resist inks and printing technology

Inkjet printing technology has been applied to the fabrication of monochrome color filter films and has afforded an efficient and economic production process for flat panel displays. We demonstrate the preparation and physical characterization of the red and/or green monochrome films on glass substrates by inkjet printing technology with pigment-based colorant resist inks. For the green films, a thickness of 1.45 μm and the color coordinate value of x = 0.309, y = 0.588 and the brightness of Y = 58.90 in CIE 1931 diagram are attained at the optimal ink amounts of 1400 pl for green droplets. For the red colorant films, an appropriate film thickness of 1.20 μm and the coordinate value of x = 0.572, y = 0.320 and the brightness of Y = 27.1 in chromaticity diagram at the red droplets amounts of 900 pl are obtained. The experimental results exhibit the percentages of optical transmittance of the as-printed green films achieve greater than 85.0% in the spectral range of 515.0 nm and those of the as-printed red films in the subpixel cell can achieve 98.0% in the range of 640.0 nm.     

Growth properties of AlN films on sapphire substrates by reactive sputtering

Aluminum nitride (AlN) films were grown on sapphire substrates by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering in plasma containing a mixture of argon and nitrogen, using a pure aluminum target. The effect of RF power was investigated with respect to growth rate, surface roughness, and transmittance of AlN films. As the RF power increases, the growth rate increases and the root mean square of surface roughness decreases while the absorption edge shifts to longer wavelength. This shift is believed to be due to the defects induced by ion bombardment.     

全固态电致变色器件工艺技术研究

提出一种新型结构与材料的全固态电致变色器件,及其氢化技术和制作工艺。在实验室中研制出2cm×2cm可重复转换、性能优良的电致变色器件,为大面积电致变色器件连续自动生产线的研制作了必要的技术准备。     

Application of Fuzzy Logic and Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Malt Quality Evaluation

An increasing number of quality criteria are involved in the evaluation of the final malt. This implies a comprehensive quality evaluation, normally based on experience and prior knowledge by the maltster/brewer/breeder. This paper describes the principle in, and use of, fuzzy logic for the translation of a complex malt quality profile into a simple univariate overall quality index (OQI). The approach was tested on a data set of 50 malt samples including eleven quality parameters according to the European Brewery Convention. The presented fuzzy logic approach involves three steps: i) an appropriate definition of how good a certain quality parameter level is, ii) a sound way to combine several quality parameters and iii) a way to express the overall quality based on all these individual parameters, taking their individual relative importance into account. The fuzzy logic based OQI presented here turned out to be a sound index for the overall quality of the tested malt samples, and thus provides a way of reducing and automating the quality data evaluation. It is furthermore shown that near infrared transmittance spectra of the malt samples showed reasonable ability to predict the calculated OQI. Hereby, both analysis and evaluation efforts in malting barley breeding can be reduced considerably.     

Novel pathways for the preparation of silica antireflective films: Improvement in mechanical property

Silica antireflective films by the base catalyzed sol-gel process show poor mechanical property. In this study, silica antireflective films with good mechanical property have been prepared by the acid catalyzed templating sol-gel process. The single-layer film was deposited from an acid-catalyzed silica sol solution with polymer F127 incorporation. The silica sol was first dip deposited onto substrate to form films on both sides of the substrate and then subjected to thermal treatment at 500 °C. After thermal treatment, the abrasion resistant antireflective film was achieved due to the formation of porous structure in the resultant film as a result of decomposing F127. Optical spectroscopic measurement shows that the coated glass with maximum transmittance of 99.5% has been obtained. Nanoindenter measurement shows that the elastic modulus and hardness of films are 16 GPa and 1.3, respectively, which are much better than those films derived from base-catalyzed silica sols. The high transmittance and good mechanical property make such films potential in both military and civil applications.     

Phosphorescent transparent organic light-emitting diodes with enhanced outcoupling efficiency: Reduction of surface plasmon losses

In this work, we fabricated nanostructured transparent organic light-emitting diodes (TrOLEDs) using phosphorescent materials and a WO₃ layer with various periods of perforation, to improve light extraction. Using these nanostructured TrOLEDs, higher external quantum efficiency (EQE) values were achieved, of 7.8% (bottom emission), and 2.0% (top emission) at 100 mA/cm². Compared to conventional TrOLEDs, these were 28% and 33% higher for bottom and top emission, respectively. In addition, by varying the periods of the nanostructures, we found that the extraction of the trapped surface plasmon mode was mainly responsible for enhancing outcoupling efficiency. When adopting light extraction methods in TrOLEDs, one should consider the influence of the optical clarity of devices. The nanostructured TrOLEDs in this study showed good optical clarity as the total transmittance was consistent with direct transmittance. Photographs of the TrOLEDs also showed neither optical blur nor haziness. Lastly, the total transmittance of the nanostructured TrOLEDs was similar to that of a conventional TrOLED except for two points where light coupling to the surface plasmon mode and waveguide mode occurred.