Identification of bearing load by three section strain gauge method: Theoretical and experimental research

Reasonable bearing load distribution is important for the safe and reliable operation of rotating machinery. However, it is difficult to measure bearing load in field. This paper puts forward a bearing load identification method based on the measured three section strain values. Shaft is divided into several sections at strain gauge locations. The force and moment equilibrium equations are set up and assembled to form bearing load solving equations. This method can reduce the modeling error, especially for the machines with irregular rotating parts. It can also be applied for the entire shaft system bearing load distribution study with high accuracy and fault tolerant. Test was done on a rotor-bearing system rig. Bearing load distribution in different shaft alignment states is identified and analyzed. Test results show that the bearing load distribution varies sensitively and linearity to the change of bearing elevation. Further research shows that the accuracy of the method depends on the strain gauge locations. It would be best to place the strain gauge at location where the bending moment is sensitive to the change of bearing load. Moreover, mounting the strain gauge further from the bearing reduces the relative error due to the exact reaction point location is not known, which influences the accuracy of beading moment arm from the strain gauge location to the reaction point.     

The DNA Sequence of the Escherichia coli O22 O-Antigen Gene Cluster and Detection of Pathogenic Strains Belonging to E. coli Serogroups O22 and O91 by Multiplex PCR Assays Targeting Virulence Genes and Genes in the Respective O-Antigen Gene Clusters

Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were developed for detection of pathogenic strains belonging to Escherichia coli serogroups O22 and O91. The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O22 was sequenced to identify genes that could be employed as targets for serogroup-specific PCR assays. The wzx and wzy genes in the O-antigen gene clusters of E. coli O22 and E. coli O91 were selected as target genes. The assays were serogroup-specific when tested against 72 E. coli O22 strains and 57 E. coli O91 strains isolated from food, humans, and animals, representative strains belonging to 168 E. coli O serogroups and non-E. coli bacteria. Furthermore, 72 E. coli O22 strains and 57 E. coli O91 strains isolated from food, water, animals, and humans were tested by the PCR for the presence of six and 19 virulence genes, respectively, associated with pathogenic E. coli strains. Based on the PCR screening results, multiplex PCR assays targeting the O22 wzy gene and the cnf-1 and sfa genes in E. coli O22 and the O91 wzy gene, conserved sequences of stx ₁ and stx ₂ genes, and the astA and cdt-III genes in E. coli O91 were developed to detect and identify pathogenic strains belonging to serogroups O22 and O91. Furthermore, E. coli O22 and O91 were detected by multiplex PCR assays targeting the wzx or wzy genes and conserved sequences of the stx ₁ and stx ₂ genes in ground beef samples inoculated with approximately two colony-forming units (CFU)/25 g after 18-h enrichment. The results demonstrate that the E. coli O22 and O91 wzx and wzy gene sequences were specific for the respective serogroups and can be used as diagnostic markers for rapid identification of these serogroups as an alternative to serotyping. The multiplex PCR assays targeting the O22 and O91 wzx and wzy genes and virulence genes can be used to identify and to detect pathogenic strains of these serogroups in food and fecal samples. Mention of trade names or commercial products is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture.     

EDXRF应用于古陶瓷科技鉴定的实验条件探讨

能量色散X射线荧光分析法(EDXRF)是目前古陶瓷科技鉴定中应用最广泛的成分测试技术之一。在应用该法进行古陶瓷科技鉴定时,由于不同研究者所选择的分析测试条件不同,测试数据会出现一定的差异性,严重的甚至导致截然相反的结论。有鉴于此,本文对EDXRF应用于古陶瓷科技鉴定的实验条件进行了分析探讨,为建立统一的测试标准,实现数据的通用性打下基础,以提高成分鉴定法的准确度和可信度。     

基于阵列测量与声功率分析的三轮摩托车整车噪声源识别

针对某型三轮摩托车加速行驶噪声超过国家标准限值,基于声波声压、阶次分析等理论,运用频谱分析、阵列声压测量以及声功率分析,对车辆主要噪声源进行了识别,确定排气系统为主要噪声源,排气消声器辐射噪声在中、低频和高频段贡献相当,将吸声材料运用到摩托车覆盖件上,进一步验证了排气消声器为主要噪声源,并取得了一定的降噪效果。     

端面式混沌激振器的建模及仿真分析

根据KAM定理,分析了一种新型的混沌激振器——端面式混沌激振器。建立了端面式混沌激振器的数学模型,并对其进行了数值仿真,识别端面式激振器是否具有混沌性。结果表明端面式混沌激振器具有混沌性。     

采用MF-RC500芯片的电梯门禁系统的设计

为了提高电梯轿厢的安全性,方便电梯的使用管理,这里采用MF-RC500芯片和MCU嵌入式技术设计了无线射频读写卡收费系统,并通过使用无线射频卡Mifareone实现了针对用户的凭卡乘梯、身份识别、信息存储等功能。     

Model selection, identification and validation in anaerobic digestion: a review

Anaerobic digestion enables waste (water) treatment and energy production in the form of biogas. The successful implementation of this process has lead to an increasing interest worldwide. However, anaerobic digestion is a complex biological process, where hundreds of microbial populations are involved, and whose start-up and operation are delicate issues. In order to better understand the process dynamics and to optimize the operating conditions, the availability of dynamic models is of paramount importance. Such models have to be inferred from prior knowledge and experimental data collected from real plants. Modeling and parameter identification are vast subjects, offering a realm of approaches and methods, which can be difficult to fully understand by scientists and engineers dedicated to the plant operation and improvements. This review article discusses existing modeling frameworks and methodologies for parameter estimation and model validation in the field of anaerobic digestion processes. The point of view is pragmatic, intentionally focusing on simple but efficient methods.     

直升机的非线性阻尼特性参数识别

本文研究了直升机的非线性阻尼特性,分析了非线性阻尼特性的描述形式,展示了直升机阻尼特性的试验结果,提出了基于阻尼特性的功量图数据或当量粘性阻尼系数数据的非线性阻尼特性参数识别方法,对直八型直升机的非线性阻尼特性进行了实际的识别研究.     

基于状态观测器增益自调整的交流伺服系统

针对永磁同步交流伺服系统易受机械参数的变化和负载扰动的影响,论文设计了一个负载观测器,并采用递推最小二乘法对系统的转动惯量和粘滞摩擦系数进行了在线辨识,然后用辨识得到的转动惯量和粘滞摩擦系数对系统参数进行更新,保证了观测器的精度。采用极点配置法设计的观测器增益可以根据前面估计得到的转动惯量和粘滞摩擦系数在线调整,使该观测器在自身的机械参数发生剧烈变化时,仍能准确地观测突加的外部负载扰动进行补偿,大大提高了伺服系统的精度。仿真结果表明,系统在转动惯量和粘滞摩擦系数发生变化时,基于负载观测器增益自调整的高精度永磁交流伺服系统无论是在上升时间,速度跟踪的精确性和鲁棒性方面都优于传统的负载观测器的增益固定的控制方案。     

用声强法鉴别装载机主要噪声源

简要阐明了声强测量的基本原理,并以装载机为例探讨了声强测量法在鉴别工程机械噪声源方面的应用。