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71.
Vegetables used by the people of Assam (India) found to be highly nutritious to maintain general balance diet. Nutritional information is used increasingly by public agencies and agricultural industries to promote different traditional fresh product. The work aimed at determining few nutritionally important minerals (calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium) in leafy green vegetables widely consumed in Assam. The objective of the present work was to examine the variability in the mineral content.  相似文献   
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A supercritical fluid chromatography method for the determination of seven pyrethroid insecticides (allethrin, resmethrin, phenothrin, permethrin, tetramethrin, cypermethrin, deltamethrin) and one of their common metabolites, phenoxybenzyl alcohol, in whole and peeled potatoes and mixed vegetables was developed. The efficiencies of the two extraction techniques, supercritical fluid extraction and microwave-assisted extraction, for the extraction of pyrethroids from vegetable samples were also compared. The retention times of various pyrethroids ranged from 8.4 to 22.9 min, while all of the peaks were well-resolved and distinctly identified. The limits of detection of pyrethroid insecticides ranged between 0.31 and 0.54 ppm, whereas the limits of detection of phenoxybenzyl alcohol was 0.62 ppm. The recoveries of pyrethroid insecticides from whole potatoes, peeled potatoes, and mixed vegetables ranged as 93.83–99.8%, 92.3–105.8%, and 93.67–102.7%, respectively, with the use of supercritical fluid extraction. The corresponding recovery ranges while using microwave-assisted extraction were 94.2–102%, 96.6–101.2%, and 96–103.2%. These findings suggested that supercritical fluid chromatography was a sensitive and rapid technique for the analysis of pyrethroids in complex matrices, such as vegetables, fruits, and other agricultural products.  相似文献   
74.
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Campylobacter in fresh vegetables and fruits at retail level in the Netherlands, and to estimate its implications on the importance of vegetables and fruits as risk factor for campylobacteriosis.Thirteen of the 5640 vegetable and fruit samples were Campylobacter positive, resulting in a prevalence of 0.23% (95% confidence interval (Cl): 0.12-0.39%). The prevalence of packaged products (0.36%, 95% Cl: 0.17-0.66) was significantly higher than of unpackaged products (0.07; 95% Cl: 0.01-0.27). No statistical differences were found between seasons.Combining the mean prevalence found in this study with data on the consumption of vegetables and fruits, an exposure of 0.0048 campylobacters ingested per person per day in the Netherlands by transmission via vegetables and fruits, was calculated. This exposure, as input in a Beta-Poisson dose-response model, resulted in an estimated number of 5.3 × 105 cases of infection with Campylobacter per year for the whole Dutch population. This constitutes the consumption of raw vegetables and fruits, especially when packaged, to be a risk factor for Campylobacter infections.  相似文献   
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Current food trends such as healthy eating, plant-based diets and sustainability encourage consumers to eat more vegetables. However, it is a challenge for many, including the younger generations, to meet the dietary recommendations regarding vegetable intake. The purpose of this study was to investigate if vegetable convenience products can increase the daily intake of vegetables among young consumers. A total of 100 participants were randomly allocated to receive either regular or convenience vegetables for a week and filled in questionnaires about vegetable use and consumption before after the intervention. Results showed that participants who received convenience vegetable products significantly increased their daily vegetable consumption by 19% (p = 0.005), but there was no significant difference between the groups during the intervention period. Furthermore, convenience vegetable products were used and perceived differently from regular vegetables. It was found that especially the preparation of the convenient vegetable products had an impact on how the products were perceived. Participants indicated that they were not willing to buy or pay more for convenience in relation to vegetables. In conclusion, convenience vegetable products may increase vegetable intake among young consumers. However, this specific consumer group may find barriers within their values regarding food, consumerism and sustainability, which prevent them from buying convenience food products.  相似文献   
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Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) technology has been commercially viable since the 1970s. Currently, MAP is extensively used worldwide to preserve the quality and extend the shelf-life of whole fresh fruits and vegetables, but is also increasingly used to extend the shelf-life of minimally processed fresh fruit and vegetables. This review discusses new processes and technologies that can be used to improve quality preservation and consumer acceptability of minimally processed produce where high respiration rates and challenging degradation processes operate. New packaging innovations are enabling producers and retailers to further maintain quality for longer. Innovative approaches to extend shelf-life include active MAP with differentially permeable films, films that incorporate antimicrobial properties, edible coatings that confer barriers properties, and the use of non-traditional gases to modify respiration. Intelligent packaging using integrated sensor technologies that can indicate maturity, ripeness, respiration rate and spoilage are also appearing. This review demonstrates that preservation technologies and associated packaging developments that can be combined with modified atmosphere are constantly evolving technology platforms. Adoption of combinations of technology improvements will be critical in responding to commercial trends towards more minimally processed fresh-cut and ready-to-eat fruit and vegetable products, which require specialized packaging solutions.  相似文献   
77.
  总被引:31,自引:0,他引:31  
Heavy metal contamination of soils resulting from mining and smelting is causing major concern due to the potential risk involved. This study was designed to investigate the heavy metal (Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) concentrations in soils and food crops and estimate the potential health risks of metals to humans via consumption of polluted food crops grown at four villages around the Dabaoshan mine, South China. The heavy metal concentrations in paddy and garden soils exceeded the maximum allowable concentrations for Chinese agricultural soil. The paddy soil at Fandong village was heavily contaminated with Cu (703 mg kg− 1), Zn (1100 mg kg− 1), Pb (386 mg kg− 1) and Cd (5.5 mg kg− 1). Rice tended to accumulated higher Cd and Pb concentration in grain parts. The concentrations of Cd, Pb and Zn in vegetables exceeded the maximum permissible concentration in China. Taro grown at the four sampled villages accumulated high concentrations of Zn, Pb and Cd. Bio-accumulation factors for heavy metals in different vegetables showed a trend in the order: Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb. Bio-accumulation factors of heavy metals were significantly higher for leafy than for non-leafy vegetable. The target hazard quotient (THQ) of rice at four sites varied from 0.66-0.89 for Cu, 0.48-0.60 for Zn, 1.43-1.99 for Pb, and 2.61-6.25 for Cd. Estimated daily intake (EDI) and THQs for Cd and Pb of rice and vegetables exceeded the FAO/WHO permissible limit. Heavy metal contamination of food crops grown around the mine posed a great health risk to the local population through consumption of rice and vegetables.  相似文献   
78.
    
Min Zhang  Hao Jiang 《Drying Technology》2014,32(15):1743-1750
Drying of fresh produce and marine products to develop high-quality dried products cost-effectively has been the theme of extensive research carried out at the School of Food Science & Technology of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China. Both conventional and innovative hybrid drying techniques encompassing the enhancement of drying rates and quality through utilization of modern ultrasonic and nanotechnology have been examined in detail and reported in the open literature. Some of the work was funded by the industry and eventually utilized in industrial-scale processing. The objective of this article is to summarize the key developments for a wider global readership. An outline of ongoing drying R&D will be provided in the closing section.  相似文献   
79.
    
In this study, we considered the efficacy of seed treatments for the inactivation of some seedborne viruses in tomato, pepper, melon, squash, bean and lettuce seeds, which are essential for human nutrition and seed production in our country. A total of 325 seed samples obtained from various farmers and foundations were tested by DAS-ELISA and RT-PCR procedures. Eight seed lots infected with Tomato mosaic tobamovirus (ToMV), Tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (TMV), Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV), Soybean mosaic potyvirus (SMV) and Lettuce mosaic potyvirus (LMV) were selected as research materials. Virus inactivation treatments were made by using acetic acid (CH3COOH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), Triton X 100, dry heat, heated water, ozone (O3), and UV (305 nm wavelength). The most effective treatments for reducing virus concentration were HCl, heated water (65 °C) and ozone (10 g m?3). These treatments reduced concentrations of seed-borne viruses in ranges of 51%, 42%, and 32%, respectively. Other treatments were less effective and reduced virus concentrations in the range of 27%–12%. HCl and ozone treatments were the most effective and applicable methods because they did not have negative effect on seed germination.  相似文献   
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