配碳量对放电等离子烧结无粘结剂纳米WC硬质合金的影响

研究了配碳量对放电等离子烧结制备无粘结剂纳米WC硬质合金的烧结行为、相组成、致密度、硬度及晶粒大小的影响。结果表明：纯纳米WC粉直接烧结，样品的晶粒度为300～400nm，致密度及硬度均较高，但主相变为缺碳相WC1-x和W2C配碳量为0．05％～0．25％时，样品中有少量缺碳相；配碳量为0．40％时，可以正确成相；配碳量为0．50％时，则出现游离碳；粉末配碳球磨后，因烧结过程提前到较低温度下完成，1800℃烧结时晶粒急剧长大且不均匀。     

钼及碳含量对铌钼钨合金高温机械性能的影响

介绍了钨、钼、氧、碳含量不同的Nb-Mo-W合金于1773K时的拉伸和压缩试验情况及其变形和断裂行为。     

高能球磨制备纳米WC-8Co复合粉末

对采用高能球磨法制备纳米WC-8Co复合粉末的工艺条件进行了研究。实验采用逐步优化方式,研究液固比、球料比、球磨转速、球磨时间对粉末的特性的影响。采用SEM扫描电镜观察粉末形貌,用EDX能谱分析了粉末中Co元素的分布,检测了粉末中Co的化学成分,确定了液固比参数,通过检测粉末的比表面和BET粒度的变化优化球料比、球磨转速及球磨时间等工艺参数,采用最优化工艺得到了粉末比表面为6.82m2/g、BET粒度为59.4nm,Co相分布均匀的纳米WC-8Co复合粉末。     

纳米硬质合金烧结技术进展

介绍了用于纳米硬质合金烧结的压力烧结、场辅助烧结、微波烧结、二步烧结等新技术，在评价各种烧结方法的基础上，以实验依据充分论证了普通真空烧结在纳米硬质合金制备中的可行性。     

TEM study on precipitation and transformation of secondary carbides in 16Cr–1Mo–1Cu white iron subjected to subcritical treatment

High chromium white irons solidify with a substantially austenitic matrix supersaturated with chromium and carbon. The subcritical heat treatment can destabilize the austenite by precipitating chromium-rich secondary carbides and other special carbides. In the as-cast condition the eutectic carbides are (Fe,Cr)₇C₃ and (Fe_4.3Cr_2.5Mo_0.1)C₃. The initial secondary carbide precipitated is (Fe,Cr)₂₃C₆ after heat-treating at 853 K for 10 h. There are MoC, Fe₂MoC and -carbide precipitating, and (Fe,Cr)₂₃C₆ transforms to M₃C after 16 h at 853 K. The -carbide and (Fe,Cr)₂₃C₆ accomplish transformation to M₃C and the matrix changes from martensitic to pearlitic after 22 h at 853 K. Thereby, in the subcritical heat treatment process, the initial secondary carbide precipitated is (Fe,Cr)₂₃C₆, followed by -carbide, MoC and Fe₂MoC. In addition, there are two in situ transformations from (Fe,Cr)₂₃C₆ and -carbide to M₃C carbides.     

稀土在硬质合金球形粉末烧结体表面富集现象的观察

采用合金粉末烧结体表面观察法研究了稀土在WC-Co硬质合金中的作用机理。合金中的稀土分别以混合稀土(以La和Ce为主体成分)-Co预合金粉(简称RE-Co预合金粉)形式和La(NO3)3的丙酮溶液形式在湿磨时直接加入。用扫描电镜和能谱仪对平均粒径小于200μm的2种球形稀土硬质合金粉末(简称合金粉末)烧结体表面进行观察与分析,发现:以RE-Co预合金粉形式加入稀土时,在烧结过程中,合金中的稀土La和Ce以及杂质元素在合金粉末烧结体表面产生了明显的富集,形成了含La,Ce,S,Ca,W,C和O的复杂形式的化合物,在稀土富集物中没有检测到Co。以La(NO3)3形式加入稀土,在合金粉末烧结体表面没有检测到La。说明在合金粉末烧结体表面不存在La的富集或聚集。稀土的添加形式同时也影响合金粉末烧结体表面硬质相WC与粘结相的比例,以RE-Co预合金粉末形式加入稀土,合金粉末烧结体表面粘结相含量较少,因此,稀土的添加形式影响其在硬质合金中的作用机理。以RBCo预合金粉形式加入稀土,合金中的稀土不但具有较好的富集合金中杂质元素的作用,而且还可以阻止烧结体表面富粘结相结构的形成。     

纳米晶WC-10Co复合粉末烧结行为的研究

本文研究了机械合金化制备的纳米晶WC 10Co复合粉末的真空烧结特征 ,分析了孔隙度、显微硬度随绕结时间延长和烧结温度升高的变化规律 ,考察了一种新型抑制剂的作用。结果表明 :在 132 5℃ / 15min的烧结条件下 ,样品的相对密度达到了 98%以上 ;烧结样品的显微硬度随着烧结时间的延长和烧结温度的升高先增加后降低 ,并且在 132 5℃ / 15min的条件下其硬度为 2 2 95MPa ;新型抑制剂A既有利于晶粒长大的控制 ,同时又有利于材料致密化的进行 ,显著地提高了合金的性能。     

Effects of Rare Earth and Alkaline Earth on Spheroidizing of Eutectic Carbides in Low Tungsten White Cast Iron

Tungsten Alloy White Cast Iron(TAWCI) has great brittleness and narrow application scope. The influences of Rare earth element(Ce) and alkaline earth elements ( K, Na) on the microstructures and performances of TAWCI were researched, and the idea estimating spheroidizing effect of carbides using Circular Degree (C. D) were put forward. The result shows that eutectics carbide tums into sphericity from network after modification, and carbide is refined and uniformly distributed and the C. D of eutectic carbide increases. The mechanism of carbide spheroidizing was analyzed. The impact toughness and wear resistance of TAWCI obviously improve with the rise of C. D of carbides.The service life of modified TAWCI roll is 35 % higher than that of high chromium cast iron roll, and its production cost is reduced by 25 %.     

The Effect of Coolant Concentration on the Machinability of Nickel-Base, Nimonic C-263, Alloy

This paper investigates the effect of coolant concentration on tool performance when machining nickel-base, C-263, alloy with triple coated (TiN/TiCN/TiN) carbide insert at various (3–9%) coolant concentrations and under different cutting speed conditions. Tool life, tool-failure modes, wear rates, component forces and surface finish generated during machining were recorded, analyzed and used to formulate mechanisms responsible for tool wear at the cutting conditions investigated. Analysis of the recorded data shows that tool performance during machining is dependent on coolant concentration. 6% coolant concentration gave the best overall performance as effective combination of cooling and lubrication functions were achieved during machining. Increasing coolant concentration to 9% reduced tool performance due to a reduction of the tool-chip contact length area and the consequent increase in compressive stresses at the tool-chip and tool-workpiece interfaces. This action often leads to pronounced chipping of the tool cutting edge during machining. Friction coefficient between the workpiece material and substrate increases once the coating layer(s) is broken as a result of the direct contact between the tool substrate and the work material. This action increases mechanical wear of the tool, which in turn leads to a significant increase in the cutting force with negligible effect on the feed forces during machining.