Microwave remote sensing of physically buried objects in the Negev Desert: implications for environmental research

We report remote detections of physically buried specularly reflecting objects using microwave radar at two sites: Ashalim and Tseelim in the northern region of the Negev Desert, Israel. These detections provide confirmation that microwave subsurface remote sensing is a genuine phenomenon. At Ashalim, a scatterometer operating in the P-band (441 MHz, 68 cm) was mounted on a cherry picker truck at a height of 8 m and used to detect two triangular aluminum mesh reflectors (forming a 1-m square area reflector) buried down to a depth of 8 cm in dry sand. At Tseelim, the same scatterometer was mounted on an airplane flying at an altitude of 70 m and used to detect 1-m square aluminum reflectors (each one submerged at a different location along the airplane flight path) buried down to a depth of 20 cm. The experimental results compare favorably with a theoretical model that incorporates radar absorption effects arising in the sandy subsurface layer and radar interference effects arising from phase differences between reflections from the surface and buried reflector. The theoretical modeling also predicts the detection of a subsurface reflector down to a depth of about 4.4 m. This experiment and the associated modeling approach is the first of a series of planned experiments, which we outline for the detection and the theoretical evaluation of buried reflectors using remote microwave and VHF radar. We identify potential subject areas for environmental research.     

偏振光路干涉仪误差补偿的光矢量匹配

相位细分式干涉仪偏振分光镜漏光会引入涌忽 测量误差。为了对其误差左进行了补偿，以提高干涉仪测量精度与分辨力，使用半波 对两干涉臂线偏振光矢量振幅进行匹配的方法，从而解决了误差补偿对矢量匹配的要求。     

CARS光谱的匹配角研究

由麦克斯韦电磁场理论推得相干反斯托克斯喇曼散射（ＣＡＲＳ）的波矢匹配条件，给出了匹角公式，并由此时气态和凝聚态情况下的匹配方式分别进行了讨论。     

ML_9 型配合物的立体构型及中央体的σ杂化轨道

论证ＭＬ９型配合物的立体构型，并运用群论方法，导出了该类型配合物中央体的σ杂化方式及杂化轨道的波函数．     

简单而性能良好的非固定周期峰值检测电路

传感器输出的信号微弱、波形混杂、不能直接使用。本文介绍一种性能较好，适用面广的传感器处理电路，具有电路简单、性能稳定、低电压、低功耗、对微弱信号无须前置放大的特点。     

Wave-generated fractures in river ice covers

The breakup of the ice cover in northern rivers is a brief but crucial event in the life cycle of many aquatic species and can trigger extreme ice jam events with major socio-economic impacts and significant climate change implications. An important, but vaguely understood, breakup process is the fracture of the winter ice cover by low-amplitude water waves. Previous work on this subject has been based on the assumption of an infinitely long wave propagating under an infinitely long and “edgeless” ice cover. This configuration does not account for structural constraints imposed by the proximity of an ice edge or a transverse crack. Consequently, it only furnishes approximate values of bending stresses, and tells little about the spacing of cracks that may be generated by an advancing wave, which is the only visual evidence that can identify the relevant fracture mechanism in the field. Herein, edge proximity is taken into account by making plausible simplifications to the ice response equation, and using wave forms of limited extent. It is shown that such conditions generally produce higher bending stresses than does the infinite wave/edgeless cover configuration. The distance of the peak bending stress from the edge, which defines the spacing of cracks, varies with wavelength and is less than 100 ice thicknesses or so. This is comparable to that of high-amplitude, single waves (or surges) that result from ice jam releases, but much less than fractures generated by bending on horizontal planes, caused by the meandering river plan form. Comparison of the present results with the limited available evidence indicates that wave-generated fractures occur during the passage of ice jam release surges.     

FCM200高级电力监控仪的应用介绍

由于供电线路故障、浪涌、断线或其它干扰都可能导致电力系统服务中断 ,而FCM2 0 0电力监控仪可在线进行谐波分量测量 ,具备数字波形高速采集功能 ,它的波形分析工具可诊断谐波等故障根源 ,并且有助于确定必要的保护措施。     

Wave Propagation and Mode Localization in Simply Supported Multispan Beams with Couplers on Supports

The influences of couplers on wave propagation and mode localization in simply supported multispan beams with couplers consisting of lumped rotational stiffness and mass on supports are studied. A transfer matrix equation governing the vibrational wave propagation in the simply supported multispan beams with couplers is newly derived and simplified. The eigenvalue of the simplified transfer matrix shows that the larger stiffness or the larger mass of the coupler makes the internal coupling between spans weaker and so it makes the system more sensitive to mode localization. As the wave frequency or the eigenvalues of the system increases, the mass effect is increased while the stiffness effect is decreased. In a case considering the large stiffness and mass at the same time, there is a region with relatively wider passbands and narrower stop bands having small attenuation rates and the normal modes in it become delocalized ones. As an example structure, a simply supported two span beam with a coupler at the midspan is considered.     

Numerical Solution of Fractional Advection-Dispersion Equation

Numerical schemes and stability criteria are developed for solution of the one-dimensional fractional advection-dispersion equation (FRADE) derived by revising Fick’s first law. Employing 74 sets of dye test data measured on natural streams, it is found that the fractional order F of the partial differential operator acting on the dispersion term varies around the most frequently occurring value of F = 1.65 in the range of 1.4 to 2.0. Two series expansions are proposed for approximation of the limit definitions of fractional derivatives. On this ground, two three-term finite-difference schemes?“1.3 Backward Scheme” having the first-order accuracy and “F.3 Central Scheme” possessing the F-th order accuracy?are presented for fractional order derivatives. The F.3 scheme is found to perform better than does the 1.3 scheme in terms of error and stability analyses and is thus recommended for numerical solution of FRADE. The fractional dispersion model characterized by the FRADE and the F.3 scheme can accurately simulate the long-tailed dispersion processes in natural rivers.     

Wave propagation in delaminated beam

The wave propagation model investigated herein is based on the known fact that material discontinuities affect the propagation of elastic waves in solids. The change in certain material characteristics, such as a local change in stiffness or inertia caused by a crack or the presence of material damage, will affect the propagation of transmitted elastic waves and will modify the received signal. Wave frequencies associated with the highest detection sensitivity depend, among other things, on the type of structure, the type of material, and the type of damage. This paper presents a method of wave propagation, which can be further used to detect small delaminations in beam-like structures. The considered beam is modelled by spectral finite elements.