X射线荧光光谱分析硫化铜矿及其精矿的进展

硫化铜矿及其精矿含有较高的硫和铜。不同价态的硫所发射的X射线谱(K_α、K_β)发生位移,K_α/K_β谱线强度比值不一致;硫腐蚀铂金坩埚,铜能与铂金生成合金,给X射线荧光光谱(XRF)分析造成困难。对国内发表的X射线荧光光谱分析硫化铜矿及其精矿的文献进行了综述。总结了粉末压片法和熔融制样法制备试料片的条件、标准试料的选择和X射线荧光光谱仪分析条件,以及在铜矿物类质同象物相鉴定、铜精矿样品氧化条件及其机理研究等方面的应用情况,并展望了XRF在硫化铜矿及其精矿成分分析中的应用前景。     

XRF元素录井技术在四川地区的地质应用研究

XRF元素录井技术是建立在x射线荧光光谱分析理论基础上，并结合岩石地球化学理论的一种创新技术。XRF元素录井岩性解释方法通过对元素含量、元素比值、定量岩性含量曲线随井深的变化特征与变化趋势进行分析，从而得到最终的解释结果：陆相地层的岩性识别主要根据Si、Fe的变化来判断砂岩、泥岩，海相地层主要根据Ca、Mg、S的变化来判断灰岩、白云岩、石膏岩，Ba、Ti的变化可以判断岩屑中的泥浆材料含量。该方法对样品要求低，能够很好地识别各种细碎岩性，建立地层剖面，划分地层界线。此外，XRF元素录井还可以用于判断沉积环境：Sr含量相对高、低分别指示海、陆沉积环境：在储层评价方面：陆相储层Si含量变大，说明储层质量变好，而Al、Fe、Ti等3种元素含量变大，预示着储层质量变差；海相储层S含量与溶孔发育程度具有正相关性。以上研究成果在川西4口井、川东北6口井现场应用后．岩屑剖面符合率达到90％。     

Spatial distribution of Si in Pinus Insigne (Pinus radiata) Wood using micro XRF by Synchrotron Radiation

Silicon, while not an essential element, is known to have positive roles in certain vegetable species. For instance, it has been recognized to protect them from biotic and abiotic stress. Due to the fact that certain species accumulate the aforementioned element in their tissues, the determination of its concentration is of importance in different disciplines, such as dendrology, plant physiology, forest management, agroecology, and also in the wood industry. Usually, its quantification is preceded by a series of digestion steps that, aside from been time-consuming, and contamination-prone, prevents from conducting a spatial distribution of the element on the sample. In this research, samples of Pinus radiata wood were studied using a synchrotron radiation source that allowed direct scanning of its surface without any treatment, and the determination of silicon as a function of the position and the tree rings, using micro X-ray fluorescence (µXRF). A quantification method based in the fundamental parameters approach was evaluated. It was found that silicon concentration increases near the latewood ring zones, showing a periodical behavior, related to seasonal environmental events.     

Process Control in metallurgical plants—From an Xstrata perspective

Some history and modern practice of Process Control in metallurgical operations is reviewed. Clearly the early deliverables from the pioneer days in the 1950s through to the 1970s and early 1980s were under-appreciated. The discipline has since grown into a more visible, sophisticated and accepted practice as a result of the assembly of appropriately recruited and trained individuals and teams, who have successfully negotiated deliverable projects that impact all metallurgical performances beyond early milling processes. The skill set in these individuals and teams essentially includes organisational behaviour in addition to their specialist technical attributes. A strong network to internal and external specialists and experts is essential. Furthermore, instrumentation and control technology has improved immensely. The challenge in the current modern practice is to win support of senior management in operations for the project cost, schedule and deliverables of Process Control. Once gained, this acceptance then amounts to the logistics of project scope and delivery—a track record well-demonstrated by the Xstrata Process Control Group.     

熔融制样-X射线荧光光谱法测定铝合金中8种组分

采用X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)分析铝合金样品时,某些合金元素因含量变化、热处理工艺不同,形成不同的金相组织,在微观上分布不均,基体效应难以有效校正,导致校准曲线难以建立。实验采用熔融法把屑样铝合金制备成玻璃片,消除了基体干扰;选用高铝耐材标准样品,并配以高纯氧化物、标准溶液制备了系列校准样品,建立了XRF分析铝合金中铝、硅、镁、铁、钛、锰、铜、锌8种组分的方法。试验确定了最佳制样条件:以8.000 0 g四硼酸锂熔融挂壁作为坩埚保护层,称取0.200 0 g铝合金、2.000 0 g碳酸锂,混匀。将坩埚移入电炉中,预氧化初始温度为600 ℃,升温至700 ℃,保持120 min,缓慢升温至800 ℃;取出冷却,加入约0.045 g溴化氨,移入熔融炉内,1 100 ℃下摇摆熔融30 min,制得均一的玻璃片。考察了方法的检出限,镁为0.066%,硅为0.007 1%,其余元素低于硅的检出限;实验方法用于测定铝合金屑样,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n = 9)为0.31%~11%;实验方法测定6个标准样品,测定值与标准值相一致。     

研磨-熔融-XRF法分析砂子中二氧化硅

采用X荧光光谱分析仪,使用研磨-熔融-XRF法分析砂子中二氧化硅含量的研究,确定了合理的样品制备方法,消除了共存元素的干扰,实现了对砂子中二氧化硅含量80％-99％的准确分析,通过准确度和精密度试验,验证了该方法的可靠性。该方法具有准确度高,操作简便,无毒害等优点。     

X射线荧光光谱技术在铁矿石分析中的应用文献评介

系统汇集了20世纪70年代以来我国使用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)分析技术进行铁矿石分析的文献共计101篇,其中熔融制样法文献78篇,粉末压片法文献11篇,能量色散仪器分析及野外现场应用文献12篇。首先介绍了铁矿石分析的基础条件:包括专著、标准物质、标准方法和综合性评述论文;然后采用表格方式对文献要点进行了介绍, 按熔融法、粉末压片法、能量色散多元素分析方法进行了重点评介;最后讨论了铁矿石分析中常遇到的粒度、矿物效应,制样方法选择和内标的应用等实际问题。对XRF在铁矿石分析中的某些重要问题进行了探讨,并对XRF分析铁矿石的应用前景作了展望。文献表明:XRF技术已经成为铁矿石主、次量元素分析最重要的分析方法之一。全篇引文151篇。     

波长色散-X射线荧光光谱法同时测定铝锭中铝含量及11种杂质元素

本文采用波长色散-X射线荧光光谱法同时测定铝锭中铝含量及11种杂质元素的含量,测定结果RSD≤5.33%,本法测定所得结果与标准样品化学成分参考值相符,方法的准确度较好,精密度符合要求。并且XRF法样品制备简单,快速、准确,无损,可以多元素同时测定,这对提高铝锭的日常检验效率具有重要的实际意义。     

Preparation of alinite cement from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

The feasibility of partially substituting ordinary raw materials with municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash in alinite cement production was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The physical properties and leaching behavior of the produced cement were also evaluated. Experimental results show that good quality clinkers can be obtained by firing the raw mixes, in which the replacement of MSWI fly ash reaches to 30%, at 1200 °C for 2 h. Alinite cements have higher early strengths at all gypsum additions, while the best result having acceptable early and 28-day strengths is obtained at 5% of gypsum addition. Results also show that the leaching toxicity of heavy metals is far lower than that of the regulatory limit at all testing ages. Based on this study, MSWI fly ash is viable as an effective, alternative raw material in alinite cement production.     

Corrosion of copper and silver plates by volcanic gases

Corrosion products that had been formed on copper and silver plates exposed in Miyake Island, where suffered a volcanic eruption in 2000, were analyzed by X-ray techniques to get better understanding of copper and silver corrosion in harsh environment. The exposure experiment was carried out from September 2004 to April 2005. Many kinds of patina were found on copper such as cuprite (Cu₂O), posnjakite (Cu₄SO₄(OH)₆ · H₂O), brochantite (Cu₄SO₄(OH)₆), antlerite (Cu₃SO₄(OH)₄), and geerite (Cu₈S₅). For silver, silver chloride (AgCl) and silver sulfide (Ag₂S) were formed. Although the volcanic activity had greatly subsided, the atmospheric corrosion of copper and silver plates exposed on Miyake Island was mainly affected by volcanic gases, wet-dry cycles in the environment, and sea-salt aerosols.