全文获取类型
收费全文 | 39623篇 |
免费 | 2969篇 |
国内免费 | 1456篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 1927篇 |
技术理论 | 2篇 |
综合类 | 1677篇 |
化学工业 | 7901篇 |
金属工艺 | 2277篇 |
机械仪表 | 4573篇 |
建筑科学 | 588篇 |
矿业工程 | 410篇 |
能源动力 | 8132篇 |
轻工业 | 3127篇 |
水利工程 | 79篇 |
石油天然气 | 260篇 |
武器工业 | 200篇 |
无线电 | 3345篇 |
一般工业技术 | 5142篇 |
冶金工业 | 1014篇 |
原子能技术 | 344篇 |
自动化技术 | 3050篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 139篇 |
2023年 | 994篇 |
2022年 | 2096篇 |
2021年 | 2596篇 |
2020年 | 1696篇 |
2019年 | 1505篇 |
2018年 | 1202篇 |
2017年 | 1473篇 |
2016年 | 1297篇 |
2015年 | 1215篇 |
2014年 | 2084篇 |
2013年 | 2756篇 |
2012年 | 2302篇 |
2011年 | 2972篇 |
2010年 | 2196篇 |
2009年 | 1988篇 |
2008年 | 2031篇 |
2007年 | 2103篇 |
2006年 | 1885篇 |
2005年 | 1617篇 |
2004年 | 1360篇 |
2003年 | 1108篇 |
2002年 | 1060篇 |
2001年 | 844篇 |
2000年 | 679篇 |
1999年 | 556篇 |
1998年 | 445篇 |
1997年 | 335篇 |
1996年 | 306篇 |
1995年 | 249篇 |
1994年 | 195篇 |
1993年 | 170篇 |
1992年 | 117篇 |
1991年 | 94篇 |
1990年 | 69篇 |
1989年 | 56篇 |
1988年 | 43篇 |
1987年 | 30篇 |
1986年 | 37篇 |
1985年 | 31篇 |
1984年 | 25篇 |
1983年 | 17篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 11篇 |
1980年 | 17篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1951年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
81.
Konstantin V. Dergilev Evgeny K. Shevchenko Zoya I. Tsokolaeva Irina B. Beloglazova Ekaterina S. Zubkova Maria A. Boldyreva Mikhail Yu. Menshikov Elizaveta I. Ratner Dmitry Penkov Yelena V. Parfyonova 《International journal of molecular sciences》2020,21(24)
Cell therapy of the post-infarcted myocardium is still far from clinical use. Poor survival of transplanted cells, insufficient regeneration, and replacement of the damaged tissue limit the potential of currently available cell-based techniques. In this study, we generated a multilayered construct from adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) modified to secrete stem cell factor, SCF. In a rat model of myocardium infarction, we show that transplantation of SCF producing cell sheet induced activation of the epicardium and promoted the accumulation of c-kit positive cells in ischemic muscle. Morphometry showed the reduction of infarct size (16%) and a left ventricle expansion index (0.12) in the treatment group compared to controls (24–28%; 0.17–0.32). The ratio of viable myocardium was more than 1.5-fold higher, reaching 49% compared to the control (28%) or unmodified cell sheet group (30%). Finally, by day 30 after myocardium infarction, SCF-producing cell sheet transplantation increased left ventricle ejection fraction from 37% in the control sham-operated group to 53%. Our results suggest that, combining the genetic modification of MSCs and their assembly into a multilayered construct, we can provide prolonged pleiotropic effects to the damaged heart, induce endogenous regenerative processes, and improve cardiac function. 相似文献
82.
The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a potent enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins (PG), including PGE2, a key mediator of inflammation and angiogenesis. Importantly, COX-2 is activated in response to inflammatory stimuli, where it is also believed to promote the development and progression of head and neck cancers (HNC). COX-2 can mediate its protumorigenic effect through various mechanisms, such as inducing cell proliferation, inhibition of apoptosis, and suppressing the host’s immune response. Furthermore, COX-2 can induce the production of vascular endothelial growth factors, hence, promoting angiogenesis. Indeed, the ability of COX-2 inhibitors to selectively restrict the proliferation of tumor cells and mediating apoptosis provides promising therapeutic targets for cancer patients. Thus, in this comprehensive review, we summarized the reported differential expression patterns of COX-2 in different stages of head and neck carcinogenesis—from potentially premalignant lesions to invasive carcinomas. Furthermore, we examined the available meta-analysis evidence for COX-2 role in the carcinogenesis of HNC. Finally, further understanding of the biological processes of COX-2 and its role in orchestrating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis may give therapeutically beneficial insight to develop the management plan of HNC patients and improve their clinical outcomes. 相似文献
83.
Zhimei Zheng Taixiu Liu Qibin Liu Jing Lei Juan Fang 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(38):19846-19860
Solar thermochemical hydrogen production with energy level upgraded from solar thermal to chemical energy shows great potential. By integrating mid-and-low temperature solar thermochemistry and solid oxide fuel cells, in this paper, a new distributed energy system combining power, cooling, and heating is proposed and analyzed from thermodynamic, energy and exergy viewpoints. Different from the high temperature solar thermochemistry (above 1073.15 K), the mid-and-low temperature solar thermochemistry utilizes concentrated solar thermal (473.15–573.15 K) to drive methanol decomposition reaction, reducing irreversible heat collection loss. The produced hydrogen-rich fuel is converted into power through solid oxide fuel cells and micro gas turbines successively, realizing the cascaded utilization of fuel and solar energy. Numerical simulation is conducted to investigate the system thermodynamic performances under design and off-design conditions. Promising results reveal that solar-to-hydrogen and net solar-to-electricity efficiencies reach 66.26% and 40.93%, respectively. With the solar thermochemical conversion and hydrogen-rich fuel cascade utilization, the system exergy and overall energy efficiencies reach 59.76% and 80.74%, respectively. This research may provide a pathway for efficient hydrogen-rich fuel production and power generation. 相似文献
84.
Abd Essalam Badoud Farid Merahi Belkacem Ould Bouamama Saad Mekhilef 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(47):24011-24027
This work presents a complete bond graph modeling of a hybrid photovoltaic-fuel cell-electrolyzer-battery system. These are multi-physics models that will take into account the influence of temperature on the electrochemical parameters. A bond graph modeling of the electrical dynamics of each source will be introduced. The bond graph models were developed to highlight the multi-physics aspect describing the interaction between hydraulic, thermal, electrochemical, thermodynamic, and electrical fields. This will involve using the most generic modeling approach possible for managing the energy flows of the system while taking into account the viability of the system. Another point treated in this work is to propose. In this work, a new strategy for the power flow management of the studied system has been proposed. This strategy aims to improve the overall efficiency of the studied system by optimizing the decisions made when starting and stopping the fuel cell and the electrolyzer. It was verified that the simulation results of the proposed system, when compared to simulation results presented in the literature, that the hydrogen demand is increased by an average of 8%. The developed management algorithm allows reducing the fuel cell degradation by 87% and the electrolyzer degradation by 65%. As for the operating time of the electrolyzer, an increment of 65% was achieved, thus improving the quality of the produced hydrogen. The Fuel Cell's running time has been decreased by 59%. With the ambition to validate the models proposed and the associated commands, the development of this study gave rise to the creation of an experimental platform. Using this high-performance experimental platform, experimental tests were carried out and the results obtained are compared with those obtained by simulation under the same metrological conditions. 相似文献
85.
Joshua C. Price Simon J. Levett Valentin Radu David A. Simpson Aina Mogas Barcons Christopher F. Adams Melissa L. Mather 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,15(22)
Fluorescent nanodiamonds (fNDs) containing nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers are promising candidates for quantum sensing in biological environments. This work describes the fabrication and implementation of electrospun poly lactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA) nanofibers embedded with fNDs for optical quantum sensing in an environment, which recapitulates the nanoscale architecture and topography of the cell niche. A protocol that produces uniformly dispersed fNDs within electrospun nanofibers is demonstrated and the resulting fibers are characterized using fluorescent microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) and longitudinal spin relaxometry results for fNDs and embedded fNDs are compared. A new approach for fast detection of time varying magnetic fields external to the fND embedded nanofibers is demonstrated. ODMR spectra are successfully acquired from a culture of live differentiated neural stem cells functioning as a connected neural network grown on fND embedded nanofibers. This work advances the current state of the art in quantum sensing by providing a versatile sensing platform that can be tailored to produce physiological‐like cell niches to replicate biologically relevant growth environments and fast measurement protocols for the detection of co‐ordinated endogenous signals from clinically relevant populations of electrically active neuronal circuits. 相似文献
86.
Andrea Bedon Jean Paul Viricelle Mathilde Rieu Simone Mascotto Antonella Glisenti 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(27):14735-14747
In this contribution brownmillerite-based nanocomposite cathode for Single-Chamber Solid Oxide Fuel Cells is developed. These cells can be very attractive especially for small and cheap devices because of the absence of seals. The efficiency of SC-SOFCs is strictly connected to the selectivity of anode and cathode, the bottleneck for this technology. The development of a cathode inert in fuel oxidation is particularly challenging. Our strategy is to start from a catalytically un-active support (CFA = Ca2FeAl0.95Mg0.05O5) and induce the formation of iron oxide based nanoparticles, expected to activate oxygen. Symmetric (CFA + FeOx/CGO/CFA + FeOx) and complete cells (CFA + FeOx/CGO/Ni-CGO) are studied in air and methane/oxygen 2:1 mixture. The Area Specific Resistance of CFA + FeOx is less than 1/3 that of CFA. The high selectivity allows to reach an efficiency of 25%; power still needs to be increased but we demonstrated the possibility to develop selective low cost electrodes. The effect of air, methane/oxygen exposure and the heat treatments were carefully investigated. 相似文献
87.
88.
An effective coding approach for multiobjective integrated resource selection and operation sequences problem 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
In this paper, we consider an integrated Resource Selection and Operation Sequences (iRS/OS) problem in Intelligent Manufacturing
System (IMS). Several kinds of objectives are taken into account, in which the makespan for orders should be minimized; workloads
among machine tools should be balanced; the total transition times between machines in a local plant should also be minimized.
To solve this multiobjective iRS/OS model, a new two vectors-based coding approach has been proposed to improve the efficiency
by designing a chromosome containing two kinds of information, i.e., operation sequences and machine selection. Using such
kind of chromosome, we adapt multistage operation-based Genetic Algorithm (moGA) to find the Pareto optimal solutions. Moreover
a special technique called left-shift hillclimber has been used as one kind of local search to improve the efficiency of our
algorithm. Finally, the experimental results of several iRS/OS problems indicate that our proposed approach can obtain best
solutions. Further more comparing with previous approaches, moGA performs better for finding Pareto solutions.
Received: May 2005/Accepted: December 2005 相似文献
89.
CO2激光治疗皮肤基底细胞癌14例临床观察 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
目的 :探求一种简单 ,安全 ,效果好的基底细胞癌的治疗方法。方法 :对 1 4例基底细胞癌患者在局麻下用CO2 激光行基底细胞癌切除术或切除 +气化术。结果 :患者术中、术后出血少 ,伤口恢复快 ,愈合良好 ,疤痕表浅 ,随访未见复发。结论 :CO2 激光用于治疗基底细胞癌效果良好 ,无明显副作用 ,操作简单值得推广。 相似文献
90.
质量控制图系统的实现及在SMT中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文将控制图理论与计算机技术相结合,开发了质量控制图系统.介绍了该系统的设计方案和关键技术问题,并以电子产品制造中监控SMT机的焊膏厚度为例说明了系统的应用. 相似文献