The Effect of Sulfur Segregation on the Adherence of the Thermally-Grown Oxide on NiAl—I: Sulfur Segregation on the Metallic Surface of NiAl(001) Single-Crystals and at NiAl(001)/Al2O3 Interfaces

The aim of this study was to improve the understanding of the deleterious effect of sulfur impurities on the adherence of the thermally-grown oxide on the boundary layer in thermal-barrier-coating systems. In Part I, the sulfur segregation on the free surface of NiAl(001) and at different interfaces between metal and transient alumina scales has been characterized by AES, XPS and LEED. The sulfur diffusion coefficient in the alloy has been determined (D = 0.15 exp(–218,000/RT) cm²/s). It is by three orders of magnitude larger than the nickel and aluminum self-diffusion coefficients. It has also been observed that the sulfur de-segregates upon Al enrichment of the metallic surface. The saturation of the metallic surface with an amorphous alumina layer formed at room temperature blocks the segregation of S. However, in the initial stages of oxidation where the transient -alumina grows by cationic transport and inject vacancies at the interface, S segregates at the interface between the alumina thin films and the metallic substrate.     

挤压铸造工艺参数对Al_2O_(3f)/Al-4.5%Cu复合材料凝固方式与组织的影响

挤压铸造制备了Al2O3短纤维/Al 4 5%Cu合金复合材料,研究了关键工艺参数对基体合金凝固方式与组织的影响。结果表明:Al2O3短纤维表面不能作为基体α初晶非自发形核衬底;随凝固冷却速度ε的增大,复合材料基体组织将细化,基体中有更多完整的晶界出现,偏析第二相主要分布于晶界上,其量随ε的增大而明显增多;纤维体积分数Vf的增大将细化基体晶粒尺寸至纤维间隙大小,同时随Vf的增大,主要分布于纤维/基体界面的偏析第二相的量将有所降低;模具、预制块预热温度及合金液浇注温度对复合材料凝固过程的影响归结到对凝固冷却速度的影响上来;外加压力的提高使复合材料基体组织细化。     

炭素黄料对电解铝生产的影响及对策

从净化效果看,干法净化吸附技术是炭素焙烧烟气净化效果很好的技术,但炭素黄料对电解生产存在一定的影响,本文从分厂实际出发,探讨了炭素黄料对电解铝生产的影响及对策。     

牙科着色玻璃渗透氧化铝陶瓷的性能研究

在1400℃下熔融2h制备4种定制颜色的着色渗透玻璃，并将玻璃于1120℃渗透入预烧结氧化铝多孔基体，采用分光光度计测定渗透后的透射比和颜色参数，渗透后的复合材料作三点弯曲强度及断裂韧性测试，断裂面进行扫描电镜观察。结果表明：玻璃渗透后铝瓷的颜色参数范围：L^＊：68．80-78．44，a^＊：1．32～4．75，b^＊：16．86-21．86。三点弯曲强度为（420-27．72）MPa，断裂韧性为（3．70-0．13）MPa·m^1/2。     

添加剂对Al2O3／BN可加工陶瓷性能的影响

采用Si3N4和SiC作为Al2O3／BN可加工陶瓷的添加剂，考察了添加剂种类和含量对材料力学性能及可加工性能的影响。研究表明，2种添加剂均对调节体系中由于热膨胀失配所引起的人的内应力起到积极的作用。材料的抗弯曲强度随添加剂含量的增加而提高，同时可加工性能略有降低。尤其是Si3N4的加入使体系在热压烧结过程中原位反应生成液相x-Sialon，显著降低了烧结温度，促进材料的致密化。     

The early stages of development of α-Al2O3 scales on Fe-Cr-Al and Fe-Cr-Al-Y Alloys at high temperature

The development ofthe oxides on Fe-14%Cr-4%Al, Fe-27%Cr-4%Al, and similar alloys containing 0.008% Y, 0.023% Y, and 0.8% Y has been investigated during the early stages of oxidation in 1 atm oxygen at 1000 and 1200°C. In all cases, a steady-state -Al₂O₃layer is established rapidly, after some initial formation of transient oxides rich in iron and chromium. For the yttrium-free alloys the steady-state situation is achieved more rapidly for the higher chromium-containing alloy and at the higher temperature. The amount of transient oxide formed is also determined by the specimen surface topography since the development of the -Al₂O₃ layer is less rapid at the base of alloy asperities than at a flat alloy-oxide interface. Following establishment of the complete -Al₂O₃layer, the oxide develops a convoluted oxide morphology at temperature, due to high compressive growth stresses in the oxide. These arise following reaction between oxygen ions diffusing inward down the oxide grain boundaries and aluminum ions diffusing outward through the bulk oxide. This results in lateral growth of the oxide and plastic deformation and movement of the alloy in a direction parallel to the alloy-oxide interface. The addition of yttrium to the alloys promotes the selective oxidation of aluminum. Also, the yttrium is incorporated into the growing oxide where it changes the mechanism of growth, reducing the production of the high compressive growth stresses and thus the development of the convoluted oxide morphology.     

Effect of rare earth additives on alumina fiber development in Ti-Al intermetallic matrix composites

Al2O3（1）/TiAl composites were synthesized by an exothermic reaction method using Ti, Al and TiO2 powders doped with Nb205 and La2O3. The effect of Nb205 and La2O3 additives on the growth and morphology of the fibers, the phases and microstructure of the composites were investigated by means of XRD and SEM. The result indicates that the in situ alumina fiber can be developed in Ti-Al matrix with the Ti/Al mole ratio of 1：2 1：7, and the addition of rare earth powders can improve the dispersion of the fibers in the matrix and increase the length-to-diameter ratio of the fibers.     

Joining alumina to inconel 600 and UMCo-50 superalloys using an Sn10Ag4Ti active filler metal

Alumina ceramics were brazed to Inconel 600 and UMCo-50 superalloys at 900 °C for 10 min using an Sn10Ag4Ti active filler metal. The brazing filler showed good wettability on alumina and superalloys. The flexural strengths were 69 and 57 MPa for alumina/Inconel 600 and alumina/UMCo-50 joints, respectively. In both cases, the brazed specimens fractured along the Sn10Ag4Ti/superalloy interfaces after four-point bending tests. Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) elemental mapping revealed that the Ni of Inconel 600 and the Co of UMCo-50 dissolved into Sn10Ag4Ti filler metal, which serves to reinforce the weak Sn10Ag4Ti matrix.     

初探混联法生产氧化铝的工艺优化

在目前的生产条件下。通过大量的混联法物料衡算，定量地研究了供矿铝硅比、熟料铝硅比和拜年法赤泥铝硅比对混联法的制造成本、能耗和拜年法与烧结法的生产比例的影响规律，提出我国混联法生产进一步优化的方向和途径。并开发了研究和评价的计算软件。为混联法的生产和设计的进一步优化奠定基础。     

伊朗铝工业

本文对伊朗铝工业的现状和未来发展规划进行了阐述。伊朗是一个资源非常丰富的国家，有许多发展原铝生产的有利条件。目前伊朗有两座电解铝厂和一座产能为30万t的氧化铝厂，原铝的产量达到了16．75万t。2004年伊朗的原铝产量将达到23万t，2005年将达到50万t。伊朗计划在2009年，使本国的原铝产量达到100万t，氧化铝产量达到220万t，生石油焦产量达到40万t。