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81.
The impregnation and sol–gel preparation methods were investigated to develop high activity catalysts and understand the significance of the indium–aluminium interaction on aluminasupported indium catalysts in NO
x
reduction with propene. Active In/alumina catalysts with a very high surface area (270 m2/g) and thermal stability were prepared in controlled conditions by sol–gel processing. When Al isopropoxide and In nitrate in ethyl glycol were used as precursors in aqua media, indium atoms were incorporated evenly distributed as a thermally stable form in the aluminium oxide lattice structure. In wet impregnation it was beneficial to use a certain excess of aqueous In solution (volumes of solution : pores = 2 : 1) to have the highest NO
x
reduction activity. The catalyst containing dispersed Al on In oxide (58 wt% In, phaseequilibrium preparation method) showed activity at lower temperatures than any other In–Al oxide catalyst or pure In2O3. The adsorption of different reaction intermediates on alumina and stable In2O3 sites were detected by FTIR studies. In/alumina catalysts have active sites to oxidize NO to NO2, partially oxidize HC, form the actual reductant which contains N–H or N–C bonding and react with NO to dinitrogen. The cooperation with indium and aluminium was evident even in the mechanical mixture of sol–gel prepared alumina (301 m2/g) and In2O3 powders (27 m2/g), where the probability for molecularscale intimate contact between indium and aluminium sites was very low (particle size 10–250 m). Shortlived gaseous intermediates and surface migration are the possible reasons for the high catalytic activities on the two physically separated active sites both necessary for the reaction sequence. 相似文献
82.
Nan Yao Guoxing Xiong Shishan Sheng Mingyuan He Weishen Yang Xinhe Bao 《Catalysis Letters》2002,78(1-4):37-41
A novel sol–gel process is used to synthesize mesoporous silica–alumina catalysts with controlled pore size distribution without using templates or pore-regulating agents. The nitrogen sorption analysis shows that the synthesized materials have high specific surface area in the range 587–692 m2/g and similar mesoporous distribution within 2–11 nm. Ultrasound is applied to prepare precursor silica–alumina sol with narrow particle diameter distribution. By calculation, it is found that ultrasonic treatment is able to provide 22.94 kJ/mol energy, which is just in accordance with the weak bond's bonding energy. Based on the calculation result, it is proposed that the role of ultrasonic treatment followed by acid peptization is to provide energy to break down the weak bonds. After gelation, the regular and close packing of similar-sized sol particles is capable of formation of controlled-sized interstices which are the precursors of mesopores. Solid-state 27Al MAS NMR and TEM are used to characterize the samples' structure and particle morphology. They show that most of the aluminum is located in the tetrahedral position in the present materials. According to TEM results, it is shown that the synthesized materials have spherical particles with size of about 15 nm. 相似文献
83.
84.
Noboru Hashimoto Yasushi Sawada Takashi Bando Hiroyoshi Yoden Shigehito Deki 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1991,74(6):1282-1286
AIN powder was synthesized from aluminum polynuclear complexes. Basic aluminum chloride and basic aluminum lactate were used as the aluminum polynuclear complexes. These starting materials and glucose were dissolved in water and mixed homogeneously. AIN powder was obtained by calcining after drying and precalcining at 800°C under nitrogen gas flow. Then excess carbon was removed by firing in air. Nitridation in the system was investigated and compared with that in the alumina–carbon black system. It was found that in our reaction system nitridation began and proceeded at lower calcination temperatures above 1200°C than in the alumina–carbon black system. Using aluminum polynuclear complexes, AIN was synthesized through the nitridation of γ-alumina and produced in a very fine and sharp particle size distribution. 相似文献
85.
S.A. Yashnik Z.R. Ismagilov V.V. Kuznetsov V.V. Ushakov V.A. Rogov I.A. Ovsyannikova 《Catalysis Today》2006,117(4):525-535
A synergetic effect in the catalytic activity has been found after palladium introduction in Mn–Al–O systems. The magnitude of the synergetic effect depends on the types of the oxidic manganese species: oxide Mn3O4, spinel (Mn, Mg)[Mn, Al]2O4 or hexaaluminate (Mn, Mg)LaAl11O19. The synergetic effect of Pd and manganese-containing compounds is observed only if palladium is introduced to the low-temperature precursor of the manganese alumina spinel or manganese hexaaluminate. The synergetic effect is not observed when high-temperature samples with formed spinel or hexaaluminate phases are modified with Pd. 相似文献
86.
A. Gordon Robertson David S. Wilkinson Carlos H. Cáceres 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1991,74(5):915-921
The creep and creep fracture behavior of two hot-pressed aluminas are presented, for both flexural and tensile testing. Steady-state power-law creep is observed with a stress exponent of about 2 for each material. Three distinct fracture regimes are found. At high stress in flexure, fracture occurs by slow crack growth with a high stress dependence of the failure time. At intermediate stresses, in both flexure and tension, creep fracture occurs by multiple microcracking after modest strains. Failure times exhibit a modest stress dependence (stress exponent of 2.5 in tension and 3 in flexure), with a constant failure strain equal to 0.09. The failure times are considerably longer in flexure than in tension, because of the constraint imposed on crack growth by the bending geometry. We conclude that flexure cannot be used for creep lifetime assessment, even in simple, single-phase materials such as Al2 O3 . At low stresses, in tension, failure also exhibits a modest stress dependence but with a much higher failure strain. The material shows the onset of super-plastic behavior. 相似文献
87.
氧化铝生产赤泥附液吸收H_2S实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对氧化铝生产附产赤泥吸收净化H2 S废气进行了实验研究 ,赤泥附液吸收H2 S具有吸收效率高、吸收容量大、易控制 ,操作简便等优点 ,在较少时间内对H2 S的吸收效率保持在 90 %以上。 相似文献
88.
用自行设计并安装的氢气气氛保护钼丝炉在超高温的条件下(〉1850℃)烧结HN-Al2O3的各种掺合试样,用光学显微镜,电子扫描显微镜,能谱及X射线衍射分析,比较详细地观察了各种掺杂物和温度对氧化铝晶形貌的影响,确定了板状氧化铝晶粒的尺寸,结果表明:在此烧结条件下,各试样中都含有板状氧化铝晶粒,各晶粒的发育情况与原料的纯度,掺杂物的种类和数量及烧结温度有关。 相似文献
89.
Samples of palladium supported on-alumina and a palladium foil were used as catalysts for methane oxidation at 550° C. The samples were quenched quickly in the reaction chamber to room temperature in flowing Ar and then transferred in vacuo for XPS analysis. Structure sensitivity was manifest from an increase in PdO stability and a decrease in carbon deposition relative to Pd with increasing particle size. The results were compared with recent ellipsometric data. 相似文献
90.
D. Andreeva P. Petrova J.W. Sobczak L. Ilieva M. Abrashev 《Applied catalysis. B, Environmental》2006,67(3-4):237-245
New gold–molybdena catalysts supported on ceria and ceria–alumina in reaction of complete benzene oxidation were studied. The catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, TPR, XPS and Raman spectroscopy. High and stable catalytic activity was established in the temperature region 200–240 °C. The presence of gold causes a modification in ceria structure leading to an increase of Ce3+ and oxygen vacancies formation. The loading of Al3+ increases additionally the oxygen vacancies, while a tendency of decrease of Ce3+ amount was observed. The presence of alumina results also in a larger share of active oxygen species proved by analysis of O 1s XPS spectra. The differences in the activities within the starting temperature range (150–180 °C) and in the region of 100% conversion (200–240 °C) could be explained by supposing that in the LT region the electron transfer between nanosized gold and ceria particles via oxygen vacancies has a crucial role. In the HT region the oxygen mobility, provoked by the defective structure of ceria due to the presence of Al3+, becomes of prevailing importance. It was also concluded that alumina prevents the gold and ceria agglomeration, which is the main factor to avoid deactivation under extreme reaction conditions. 相似文献