20kt/a苯胺装置流化床换热系统的改造

简述了苯胺的性质、用途和主要生产工艺。采用硝基苯催化加氢法生产苯胺时,由于在流化床内进行的加氢反应为强烈的放热反应,在增加产能的同时,流化床反应温度必然提高,导致很多副反应发生。为了满足市场需求,某公司20 kt/a苯胺装置需提高负荷增加产能,针对上述难题对流化床换热系统进行了校核与计算,并对换热系统进行了改造。改造后装置运行平稳,降低了高负荷下流化床中心的反应温度。     

阻抑动力学光度法测定痕量苯胺

在pH4．5邻苯二甲酸氢钾-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液存在下,痕量苯胺对高碘酸钾氧化孔雀绿褪色反应有强烈的抑制作用,据此建立了阻抑动力学光度法测定痕量苯胺的新方法。方法检出限为0．38μg／L,测定范围为0．0～9．2μg／L。此法用于废水中苯胺的测定,结果令人满意。     

Degradation of Aniline Wastewater Using Dielectric Barrier Discharges at Atmospheric Pressure

Aniline is a toxic water pollutant detected in drinking water and surface water,and this chemical is harmful to both human and aquatic life.A dielectric barrier discharge(DBD)reactor was designed in this study to investigate the treatment of aniline in aqueous solution.Discharge characteristics were assessed by measuring voltage and current waveforms,capturing light emission images,and obtaining optical emission spectra.The effects of several parameters were analyzed,including treatment distance,discharge power,DBD treatment time,initial pH of aniline solutions,and addition of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide to the treatment.Aniline degradation increased with increasing discharge power.Under the same conditions,higher degradation was obtained at a treatment distance of 0 mm than at other treatment distances.At a discharge power of 21.5 W,84.32%of aniline was removed after 10 min of DBD treatment.Initial pH significantly influenced aniline degradation.Adding a certain dosage of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide to the wastewater can accelerate the degradation rate of aniline.Possible degradation pathways of aniline by DBD plasmas were proposed based on the analytical data of GC/MS and TOC.     

非加氢型酸性水中非烃化合物对汽提装置的影响

从酸性水汽提装置的三级分凝器中采出的冷凝液中含有大量不溶于浓氨水的有机相（油相）,其碱性氮含量高达5.94×10⁴ μg·g^-1。将油相进行蒸馏切割后再分别进行气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）定性分析。分析结果表明,三级分凝液中的碱性有机物多为吡啶、单取代和多取代甲基吡啶、苯胺、单取代和多取代苯胺;而大多数酸性有机物为二取代和三取代甲基苯酚。此外,还检测到含量较多的2,4,7-三甲基-萘啶和少量的吲哚、喹啉和吖啶类化合物,这些化合物极有可能是吡啶和苯胺类化合物通过Skraup反应与不饱和醛酮缩合反应生成的。同时,三级分凝液返回到原料水罐中容易导致非烃化合物在汽提系统内部积累,进而发生缩合反应产生积垢并损坏氨压机等,应当对三级分凝液单独处理。     

丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯与苯胺三元共聚凝胶的制备及性能测定

报道了用溶液聚合法合成一类新型水凝胶丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯与苯胺三元共聚凝胶。性能测定表明该三元共聚凝胶具有吸水性和盐敏感性;当pH值、温度、离子强度等外部环境变化时,出现体积相变。     

4-硝基-N-[3-(2-羟乙基)砜基]苯基苯甲酰胺的合成

以3-(2-羟乙基砜基)苯胺和对硝基苯甲酸为主要原料,经过酰氯化和缩合两步反应合成了活性染料中间体4-硝基-N-[3-(2-羟乙基)砜基]苯基苯甲酰胺。研究了催化剂、卤化剂等对酰氯化反应的影响,实验得到酰氯化反应的较佳条件:DMF作催化剂,二氯亚砜作卤化剂,酰氯化产物收率可达97%。同时还考察了缩合反应较佳条件:n(3-(2-羟乙基砜基)苯胺)∶n(对硝基苯甲酰氯)=1.2∶1,反应温度30℃,反应时间2 h。在此条件下,缩合反应产物收率达到90%。产物及中间体的结构经过了IR1、H NMR鉴定。     

N-单烷基苯胺的合成

实验以苯胺、三乙胺、正溴丙烷、季铵盐、季鏻盐等为原料,苯胺与卤代烃烷基化在季铵盐离子液体催化下高选择性合成N-单烷基苯胺。考察了离子液体种类及用量、反应温度、三乙胺用量、苯环上的取代基性质等因素对反应的影响。实验结果表明,以四丁基氯化铵(TBAC)为催化剂,n(苯胺):n(TBAC):n(三乙胺)=20:1:40,反应温度60℃,不同取代基的苯胺N-单烷基化反应转化率大于80%,选择性大于85%,离子液体可回收并重复使用。     

Methanol oxidation on the polymer coated and polymer-stabilized Pt nano-particles: A comparative study of permeability and catalyst particle distribution ability of the PANI and its derivatives

The electrosynthesis and characterization of poly (aniline and aniline derivatives) on the pretreated aluminum (Al/Pt) and platinum plated aluminum (Al–Pt) electrodes were investigated. The results show that the both of them are suitable substrates as well as smooth Pt and platinum plated Pt (Pt–Pt) for fabrication of polymer modified electrodes. Comparative study of permeability of the freshly deposited polyaniline and polyaniline derivatives on the smooth Pt and Al–Pt or Pt–Pt substrates towards the methanol were done. The electrooxidation of methanol was studied by cyclic voltammetry in 0.1 M sulfuric acid as supporting electrolyte. Enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards the methanol oxidation was noticed when the bulk Pt and Al–Pt or Pt–Pt were covered by polyaminoanilines and polyhydroxyanilines films due to the permeability of their films for methanol molecules. A high catalytic current related to oxidation of methanol was found for the polymer modified electrodes when Pt nano-particles were embedded into the polymer films referred to as polymers-stabilized Pt nano-particles. The enhanced electrocatalytic activity might be due to the dispersion of Pt nano-particles into the polymer matrixes and the synergistic effects between the dispersed Pt particles and their matrixes.     

制革含硫废水处理技术的研究

对制革含硫废水中的硫离子进行检测,并对其处理技术进行了研究。用对氨基二甲基苯胺光度法对S2-含量进行测定,采用酸化—吹取—吸收的预处理方法,同时用二次处理法,即絮凝和氧化相结合的方法,处理含硫废水,使处理后废水中S2-的去除率为99.998%,S2-浓度低于国家一级标准(1.0mg/L)排放。     

Effects of Polymerization and Briquetting Parameters on the Tensile Strength of Briquettes formed from Coal Coke and Aniline-Formaldehyde Resin

In this work, the utilization of aniline (C₆H₇N) formaldehyde (HCHO) resins as a binding agent of coke briquetting was investigated. Aniline (AN) formaldehyde (F) resins are a family of thermoplastics synthesized by condensing AN and F in an acid solution exhibiting high dielectric strength. The tensile strength sharply increases as the ratio of F to AN from 0.5 to 1.6, and it reaches the highest values between 1.6 and 2.2 F/AN ratio; it then slightly decreases. The highest tensile strength of F-AN resin-coke briquette (23.66 MN/m²) was obtained from the run with 1.5 of F/AN ratio by using (NH₄)₂S₂O₈ catalyst at 310 K briquetting temperature. The tensile strength of F-AN resin-coke briquette slightly decreased with increasing the catalyst percent to 0.10%, and then it sharply decreased to zero with increasing the catalyst percent to 0.2%. In general, the tensile strength of F-AN resin-coke briquette increased as increased the briquetting temperature in these tests contras with NaOH catalytic runs. The effect of pH on the tensile strength is irregular. As the pH of the mixture increases from 9.0 to 9.2, the tensile strength shows a sharp increase, and the curve reaches a plateau value between pH 9.3 and 9.9; then the tensile strength shows a slight increase after pH = 9.9.