Synthesis of boronate-containing copolymers of N,N-dimethylacrylamide, their interaction with poly(vinyl alcohol) and rheological behaviour of the gels

Cross-linking of polyvinylalcohol (PVA) by boronate-containing copolymer of N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA, 1) was studied and compared to cross-linking of PVA by borate buffers in weakly alkaline solutions. The copolymer of M_w=19,000 g mol⁻¹ containing 9 mol% N-acryloyl-m-aminophenylboronic acid (NAAPBA, 2) was prepared by free radical polymerization of the monomers, exhibiting copolymerization constants r₁=0.84 and r₂=2.2. Due to multipoint interaction of the copolymer with PVA via monodiols, the intermolecular cross-linking required for seven-fold and 10-fold lower boron concentrations as compared to borate buffers of pH 8.6 and 7.5, respectively. In rheological measurements, PVA-copolymer gels exhibited storage moduli (G′_max) comparable to those of PVA-borate gels prepared at 7.5-fold higher boron concentration and the same pH 8.6, what testified to the similar concentration of cross-links in the gels. Therefore, DMAA-NAAPBA copolymer is a more effective cross-linker of PVA than borate. The PVA-copolymer gel exhibited much higher relaxation time (97 s) compared to PVA-borate gels (≤20 s) indicating a longer lifetime of junction zones. The ‘shape stability’ of the gel is suggested to originate in the structure of junctions, containing several boronate-diol complexes, between the macromolecules of PVA and the copolymer.     

聚苯乙烯注塑成型制品双折射行为模拟分析

建立了模拟聚合物注塑成型过程中流动应力的数学模型.利用Leonov黏弹性模型对聚苯乙烯熔体在非等温幂率稳态剪切流下的流动行为进行模拟分析.并研究了聚苯乙烯在注塑成型填充过程中,由于流动而产生的剪切和拉伸作用以及模腔内聚合物熔体的温度变化对制品双折射行为的影响,得到了与实验相符的结果,证明了本研究中模拟方法的可行性.     

环口套管加强型T型圆钢管节点的滞回性能研究

为了提高桁架管节点的承载力及抗震性能,采用环口套管加强方式对管节点进行加强.基于有限元分析环口套管加强型管节点在承受轴向循环荷载作用下的滞回性能.通过分析发现:环口套管加强模型滞回曲线包围的面积显著大于未加固模型滞回曲线所包围的面积.同时,由于环口套管提高了节点相贯部位的主管刚度,使得破坏部位于相贯处的焊趾处转移到了套管两端边缘部位的主管表面.此外,基于有限元计算结果,分析了模型的延性比和能量耗散等抗震性能参数.结果表明:加强型节点的延性比和能量耗散值均有大幅度提高.     

严寒地区冬季蓄热式电热水器应用分析

蓄热式电热水器是一种新型的电热水器．经过对蓄热式及传统的容积式和即热式热水器在严寒地区工作性能的计算分析,比较3种电热水器在使用功率、加热时间及节能性能等方面的特点,最终认为蓄热式电热水器是一种适合于严寒地区冬季使用的电热水器．     

文化视野中的建筑功能

功能的理解是建筑创作和建筑理解的关键，功能通常被表述为“物质功能”和“精神功能”，这种表术常常造成一持的分离，形成某些混乱，对此，运用文化人类学的观点方法，能使我们得到一个有价值的功能观。     

服装消费行为与个人基本属性的关系

从理论上提出了服装消费者行为的分析模式，并以女性为对象对服装消费行为与个人基本属性的关系进行了研究。研究结果表明：消费者购买服装时所重视铁仍然是服装内在的各种属性－颜色、做工和款式等，而对品牌和产地等外在属性的重视程度较低；消费者的购买与穿着行为及其着装意识、理智、慎重、并带有较强的求新、求美倾向；消费者的具人基本属性对其服装购买与穿着行为，着装意识等有明显影响，其中年龄、职业和经济收入对服装属性     

Oscillatory behaviour of the reduction of NO by H2 over Rh

The NO reduction by H₂ on Rh has been studied by field emission microscopy (FEM). It has been observed that this reduction shows oscillatory behaviour at 460 K andP _NO = –1.5 ×10^–1 Torr andP _H2 =1×10^-6 Torr, Unique features of FEM are the very high spatial resolution and the presence of, in principle, an indefinite number of different crystal planes. The oscillatory behaviour is reflected by periodic changes in the emission current and in the images observed. The communication between different surfaces present on the field emitter is shown on a fluorescent screen. Diffusion and gas phase coupling seem to play a role. Many of the features reported earlier for the oscillatory behaviour of the NO-H₂ and NO-NH₃ reactions over Pt(100) are observed on Rh as well, including the surface explosion. The vacancy model proposed earlier for the oscillations over Pt(100), can be applied to the reactions described in this paper as well.     

Oxidative dimerisation of propene to 1,5-hexadiene on Bi-Zn-O catalysts

The oxidative dimerisation of propene to 1,5-hexadiene has been investigated on Bi-Zn-O catalysts. The Bi₄₈ZnO₇₃ phase, observed in the catalysts calcined at 700 ° C is an active and selective catalyst for the formation of 1,5-hexadiene. The best catalytic performance (1,5-hexadiene selectivity 64%) has been obtained at 525 ° C, with a propene to oxygen ratio of 26, on a catalyst formed by Bi₄₈ZnO₇₃ with a small excess of ZnO.     

A class of discontinuous dynamical systems IV. A laboratory air-water system

An air-water experimental system consisting of two inlets and one outlet is constructed and characterised. It reaches the state of sliding mode, or equivalently, two phase slug flow. The linear hydraulic model proposed in the literature is adequate to describe it. Experimental data are used to tune this model. The resistance to the flow of air through the outlet valve during the two phase flow is much larger than that when air alone flows out. At the operating range, the resistance to water flow is not affected by the presence of air.     

The hot compaction behaviour of woven oriented polypropylene fibres and tapes. I. Mechanical properties

The aim of this work was to establish the important parameters that control the hot compaction behaviour of woven oriented polypropylene. Five commercial woven cloths, based on four different polypropylene polymers, were selected so that the perceived important variables could be studied. These include the mechanical properties of the original oriented tapes or fibres, the geometry of the oriented reinforcement (fibres or tapes), the mechanical properties of the base polymer (which are crucially dependant on the molecular weight and morphology), and the weave style. The five cloths were chosen so as to explore the boundaries of these various parameters, i.e. low and high molecular weight: circular or rectangular reinforcement (fibres or tapes): low or high tape initial orientation: coarse or fine weave.A vital aspect of this study was the realisation that hot compacted polypropylene could be envisaged as a composite, comprising an oriented ‘reinforcement’ bound together by a matrix phase, formed by melting and recrystallisation of the original oriented material. We have established the crucial importance of the properties of the melted and recrystallised matrix phase, especially the level of ductility, in controlling the properties of the hot compacted composite.