Preparation of monodisperse poly(vinyl alcohol) microspheres by heterogeneous surface saponification and iodine complex formation

Monodisperse poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) microspheres with high molecular weight obtained by suspension polymerization of vinyl acetate were saponified in alkaline aqueous solution to keep their spherical structure. The saponification was restricted on the surface of the PVAc microspheres and obtained particles had skin/core structure. Various poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) microspheres with different diameters and degrees of saponification (DSs) were obtained. The conversion of PVAc to PVA during the heterogeneous surface saponification time were examined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and after 72 h hydrogel type PVA microspheres completely saponified were obtained. The crystal melting temperatures of the microspheres obtained by the saponification were measured a constant value of 238°C irrespective of varying DS, and the peaks became enlarged as reaction time. Iodine complexes were formed in saponified microspheres with DS of 41% and 99% by immersing them in I₂/KI aqueous solution and decomposed by the reduction of I₂ in the complexes to 2I^? using sodium sulfite to confirm whether the skin formed through the saponification was composed of PVA with high VA content. Obviously, characteristic blue color developments owing to I₅^?‐PVA complexes were observed in both saponified regions and a red in the PVAc core. Consequently, it was concluded that the PVA skins formed by heterogeneous surface saponification had high DSs. Such complexes endowed polymeric microspheres a good radiopacity which would be useful in clinical treatment of vascular diseases and were examined by X‐ray irradiation image. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Synthesis and structural characterization of methacrylic acid/octadecyl acrylate‐graft‐poly(methylhydrosiloxane) by hydrosilylation

Methylmethacrylate (MMA) and octadecyl acrylate (OA) were grafted to poly(methylhydrosiloxane) (PMHS) by hydrosilylation, respectively, with hexachloroplatinic acid as catalyst, and the former was further hydrolyzed to prepare methacrylic acid (MAA)‐graft‐PMHS under the alkaline condition. Through orthogonal experiment, main factors affecting the graft reaction between OA and PMHS were discussed and arranged in a decreasing order according to their abilities of the effect on the hydrosilylation of OA with PMHS: catalyst dosage, reaction temperature, reaction time, material ratio, and solvent dosage. It was found that the hydrosilylation of OA with PMHS was easier to that of MMA with PMHS. Under optimal conditions, the grafting ratios of MMA with PMHS and OA with PMHS reached about 90 and 95%, respectively. FTIR and ¹H NMR spectra indicated that the hydrosilylation reactions followed the Markovnikov's rule and played a strong preference toward β‐1,2‐addition. The test of contact angle indicated that surface energy of a system was mainly dependent on the polar groups. The surface energy of OA‐graft‐PMHS (35.07 mN/m) was similar to those of PMHS (35.62 mN/m) and polyoctadecyl acrylate (36.57 mN/m), and lower than that of MAA‐graft‐PMHS (43.50 mN/m). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008     

GJ5×2双槽剥片机及其在高岭土剥片中的应用

GJ5×2大型双槽剥片机是国内超细物料加工中最新出现的超细磨/剥片设备,也是目前国内这一领域内最大规格的设备,已成功应用于煤系硬质高岭土剥片中,单机能力可达1.5～2.0t/h,产品细度可达小于2μm颗粒占85%～90%。     

聚烯烃/纳米SiO2复合材料研究进展

论述了纳米SiO2的表面处理方法、复合材料的制备技术及其力学和光学性能。表明纳米SiO2分散于聚烯烃(PP、HDPE)中,可以提高基体的韧性、强度和模量。以纳米SiO2作为填料的聚乙烯棚膜,呈现优良的红外线吸收性能和可见光透过性能。为此,纳米SiO2可作为一种聚乙烯农膜的新型保温剂。     

Rail defects: an overview

For about 150 years, the steel rail has been at the very heart of the world's railway systems. The rail works in a harsh environment and, as part of the track structure, it has little redundancy; thus, its failure may lead to catastrophic derailment of vehicles, the consequences of which can include death, injury, costs and loss of public confidence. These can have devastating and long‐lasting effects on the industry. Despite the advances being made in railway permanent way engineering, inspection and rail‐making technology, continually increasing service demands have resulted in rail failure continuing to be a substantial economic burden and a threat to the safe operation of virtually every railway in the world. This paper presents an overview of rail defects and their consequences from the earliest days of railways to the present day.     

SGW-420/30型刮板输送机的研制与应用

针对煤矿中小型开采工作面的运输,研制出介于22型和40T型之间的一种新型刮板 输送机,时它的结构组成、功能特点、技术参数等作以简介和阐述,使其得以推广使用。     

A localized surface plasmon resonance based immunosensor for the detection of casein in milk

In this research, a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) immunosensor based on gold-capped nanoparticle substrate for detecting casein, one of the most potent allergens in milk, was developed. The fabrication of the gold-capped nanoparticle substrate involved a surface-modified silica nanoparticle layer (core) on the slide glass substrate between bottom and top gold layers (shell). The absorbance peak of the gold-capped nanoparticle substrate was observed at ∼520 nm. In addition, the atomic force microscopy (AFM) images demonstrated that the nanoparticles formed a monolayer on the slide glass. After immobilizing anti-casein antibody on the surface, our device, casein immunosensor, could be applied easily for the detection of casein in the raw milk sample without a difficult pretreatment. Under the optimum conditions, the detection limit of the casein immunosensor was determined as 10 ng/mL. Our device brings several advantages to the existing LSPR-based biosensors with its easy fabrication, simple handling, low-cost, and high sensitivity.     

一种微粉碎新设备——离心碎磨一体机

介绍一种离心碎磨一体机的工作原理、构造和特点 ,分析了碎磨机理及应用前景     

Modeling dynamic developable meshes by the Hamilton principle

In this paper, a new dynamic developable surface model is proposed. The proposed model represents developable surfaces using triangle meshes. A novel algorithm is proposed to introduce the Hamilton principle into these meshes such that the resulting developable model is dynamic, i.e., it can offer a time-dependent continuous path to deform the model. Applications with examples are presented; these show that the proposed technique can model buckled developable surfaces well, and can offer physically-realistic animations of deformed developable surfaces.     

Effect of thermophoresis on particle deposition rate from a natural convection flow onto a vertical wavy plate

This research discusses the impacts of the surface area that the wavy surface gets more than the flat plate upon the aerosol particle deposition. Starting from the full Navier–Stokes equation, the mathematical analysis takes the thermophoretic motion formed by the temperature gradient and the fluid thermal expansion into consideration, and converts the governing equations into the boundary layer equation by the simple coordinate transformation and non-similarity method, and then works out these equations by the Spline Alternating-Direction Implicit method (SADI). The numerical value result reveals that the average deposition effect of the wavy plate is greater than the flat plate and that the increasing rate is nearly equal to the value obtained by dividing the surface area that the wavy plate gets more than the flat plate by 2.2.