Environmental Effects of Hydro-Electric Power Generation in Africa and the Potential for Artificial Floods

Electricity is a fundamental requirement for economic growth, and hydro-electric power is often thought to be environmentally benign. However, the construction and operation of many hydro-power dams in Africa have had significant negative impacts on the environment and rural economies. Reduced downstream flooding has destroyed fisheries and starved the floodplain soils of moisture and nutrients. Often the worst-affected areas have no electrification and therefore do not benefit from power generation. New dams which are planned in Kenya and Tanzania have been specifically designed to make flood releases. This will allow electricity to be generated whilst maintaining a dynamic flooding pattern for the short-term economic importance of fisheries and agriculture and the longer-term importance of soil fertility and biodiversity. Involvement of local community representatives in deciding when flood waters should be released on the Phongolo River in South Africa has resulted in substantial benefits to floodplain users.     

人工神经网络在单晶合金设计中的应用

把一种新发展的功能极强的信息处理技术－计算机人工神经网络技术用于单晶合金的高温持久性能预测并和其它方法进行比较，结果表明：这种方法精度最高。     

通用PRIP程序设计语言EPPPI的设计

本文介绍了一种同时具有PASCAI和PROLOG语言特点的通用的模式识别和图象处理(PRIP)程序设计语言EPPPL,相对于PASCAL,EPPPI包含了抽象级更高的数据类型和相应的公共操作.因而该语言具有比PASCAL更强的描述能力,使在科学计算程序设计时有更高的效率.文中论证了在EPPPI中引入PROLOG机制的可行性.由于在EPPPI中包含了PROLOG的机制,使该语言适用于人工智能程序设计,并具有陈述式特点,因而使它的编程效率更进一步提高.     

A Study of Surface Deformation during Wire‐Rod Rolling of High Speed Steels using Experimental and Computational Techniques

The evolution of surface defects during shape rolling of high‐speed steel billets is studied using longitudinal surface defects prepared by machining and welding. The reduction of the defects during rolling in a production mill is compared to the total area reduction of the billets. Samples are collected after pass 4, 6, 8, 14, 19 and the final pass, 28, representing the finished 5.5mm wire. By inspecting the cross sections, the rotation of the billets from pass to pass is evaluated. Results from FE simulations on solid billets are compared to the experimental results. Generally, simulations predict less reduction than observed experimentally. In most cases cracks reduce most effectively followed by carbon steel welds and stainless steel welds.     

How to make and defend a proposal in a deliberation dialogue

In this paper it is shown how tools developed in argumentation theory and artificial intelligence can be applied to the development of a new dialectical analysis of the speech act of making a proposal in a deliberation dialogue. These tools are developed, modified and used to formulate dialogue pre-conditions, defining conditions and post-conditions for the speech act of making a proposal in a deliberation dialogue. The defining conditions set out what is required for a move in a dialogue to count as the making of a proposal by one of the parties. What is required are the conditions that (1) the move fit the requirements of the argumentation scheme for practical reasoning, and (2) the premises are propositions describing common goals of both parties or propositions that they reasonably consider means to achieve these goals. The analysis goes beyond the standard speech act approach by specifying not only the normative requirements for making a well-formed proposal, but also the requirements for responding to it by questioning or criticizing it, and the requirements for defending it.     

专家系统在化工中的应用进展

本文综述了近年来专家系统在化工领域的应用状况，并指出今后的发展趋势。     

孤东油田的海油陆采进展

孤东油田极浅海区域新发现几个边际油藏。其中垦东401块水深-2m,距陆地2.7km,为稀油、疏松砂岩油藏,试油获14～25t/d工业油流。在三维地震、测井约束地震反演、数值模拟和油藏经营管理评价基础上编制了产能建设方案,通过修筑海公路、人工岛、丛式井组、大位移水平井、采用数据采集与控制的远程测控和紧急关断技术,能够无人职守、遥测遥控,整体实现了海油陆采。有效动用地质储量233×104t,钻井12口,建成年产油4×104t能力,累产油8.6×104t。目前在垦东12人工岛上钻打了26口井,推广了海油陆采经验。     

AI paradigms

The aim of this paper is comparative analysis of most important AI paradigms. An AI paradigm is defined as the pair composed by a concept of intelligence and a methodology in which intelligent computer systems are developed and operated. Three paradigms, the behaviourist paradigm, the agent paradigm, and the artificial life paradigm are discussed.     

基于人工免疫机制的木马检测系统

将生物体免疫系统的原理、规则和机制运用到计算机木马检测系统中。利用人工免疫系统的分布性、自适应性、记忆性和高效性,降低检测系统的误报率和提高自适应性问题。     

基于人工势场方法的WSN传感覆盖率提高算法

感覆盖率是WSN系统中重要的性能指标之一。Sink节点的移动性能提高系统的传感覆盖率,人工势场能描述普通节点与Sink节点之间的关系。提出了一种利用人工势场方法有效的Sink节点移动控制策略,通过Sink节点的移动能够提高系统的传感覆盖率。普通节点搜集的数据能通过多跳的方式传送给Sink节点。在最初的随机部署之后,由人工势场产生的力迫使移动Sink节点移动到整个环境中的平衡点以获得更高的传感覆盖率。在整个算法执行过程中无需事先了解环境的情况,此方法能在实时的环境中采用。给出了具体的算法步骤,最后利用一个仿真实例对控制效果进行了说明。