稀土在搪瓷面釉上应用的研究

采用稀土氧化物和无机化合物的复合物（不简称ＲＩ－复合物）作为搪瓷釉浆悬浮剂，使之全部或大部分代替粘土，进行了一系列试验，已获得成功，突破了长期来搪瓷工业离不开粘土的传统工艺，并实现了工业化生产。     

凸非球面补偿检验的工艺球面分析解

本文从三级像差理论出发,推导了几种工艺球面检验凸二次曲面的计算公式。根据这些公式计算结果,进行了光路追迹,给出了这些公式对凸二次曲面的补偿范围;并讨论了几种特殊情况下的平面解。     

A new surface characterization technique: RIMAPS (Rotated Image with Maximum Average Power Spectrum)

This work introduces a new imaging technique, Rotated Image with Maximum Average Power Spectrum (RIMAPS), for use in determining orientation and characteristics of surface topography. It consists of computing the maximum value of the averaged power spectrum, given by one step of the two‐dimensional Fourier transform, for each angle of rotation of a digitized image. The basic measurement science of this technique is described and different cases are studied. The characterization of simple geometrical figures explains the meaning of peaks and their angular positions given by RIMAPS analysis. A known surface pattern made on a sample of pure copper, mechanically ground, is used to study reproducibility, dependence on image quality and topography scale relative to pixel size and magnification. Samples of pure zinc, mechanically ground and chemically etched, were used to show the main features of RIMAPS analysis when characterizing a more complicated pattern on a real surface. All the studies performed under different conditions for observation and acquisition of images give strong evidence of the stability and robustness of RIMAPS as a technique for the characterization of topography.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Pb-free solder alloys for low-cost electronic assembly: A review

Lead-free solders, including Sn-58Bi, Sn-52In, and Sn-3.5Ag, are potential replacements for Sn-37Pb solder in low-cost electronic assembly. This paper reviews the literature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of these alloys. Because of the processing and testing conditions, many of the data are not predictive for electronic assembly applications. However, eutectic Sn-Bi seems to have properties approaching those of eutectic Sn-Pb under most conditions, while eutectic Sn-In seems far inferior in most respects. Eutectic Sn-Ag has many promising characteristics, but its relatively high melting temperature may preclude its use for this type of application.     

APPLICATION OF RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY FOR THE MAXIMIZATION OF CONCORA CRUSH RESISTANCE OF PAPERBOARD

Response surface methodology is often used by researchers in different fields to determine the optimum values for controlled variables to maximize or minimize the response variables. Either maximization or minimization might be necessary depending on the response property. For example, if the response variable represents the yield of a process, maximization could be necessary; on the other hand, if the response variable is the biological oxygen demand (BOD) of an effluent the aim would definitely be minimization

Response surface methodology can be used two ways. It can be applied to the full-scale production or it can be scaled to a laboratory or the pilot plant. When applied to the full-scale production, the method is known as evolutionary operation (EVOP). EVOP is the continuous optimization of a process. The optimum conditions in a production plant can change depending on many factors such as raw material, ambient temperature, and equipment wear. Therefore, controlled variables should be optimized continuously to keep the response variable as close as possible to the maximum or minimum value. Hence, controlled variables are systematically changed around a center point to depict any shift of the response variable from the extreme. A thorough discussion of EVOP is given by Box, Evolutionary Operation: A Method for Increasing Industrial Productivity, Appl. Statist., 6, 81-101 (1957).     

家电产品常用板材的选用

本文首先介绍国内和日本、德国、俄罗斯等国冷轧薄钢板及镀锌薄钢板的牌号、标记识别及生产地及与我国家标准薄钢板牌号的相互之间的关系，并比较具体地介绍冷轧板的实效性、镀锌薄钢板的锌层特性等诸多方面的状况。从而帮助我们在设计、制造家电产品中，比较正确地选择合适的板材。     

Effects of temperature, ammonium and glucose concentrations on yeast growth in a model wine system

In enology, alcoholic fermentation is a complex process involving several mechanisms. Slow and incomplete alcoholic fermentation is a chronic problem for the wine industry and factors leading to sluggish and stuck fermentations have been extensively studied and reviewed. The most studied cause of sluggish and stuck fermentation is the nitrogen content limitation. Nevertheless, other factors, such as temperature of fermentation and sugar concentration can affect the growth of yeasts. In this study we modelled the yeast growth‐cycle in wine model system as a function of temperature, sugar and ammonium concentrations; the individual effects and the interaction of these factors were analysed by means of a quadratic response surface methodology. Cell concentrations and weight loss were monitored in the whole wine fermentation process. The results of central composite design show that lower is the availability of nitrogen, higher is the cell growth rate; moreover, initial nitrogen concentration also influences survival time of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.     

冷41-平14"L"型水平井轨迹优化与控制技术

冷41-平14井受地面条件的限制,靶前位移小,为保证中间套管和完井管柱的顺利下入,剖面设计为“反向造斜-稳斜-降斜-正向造斜-水平段”的“L”型。简要介绍了冷41-平14“L”型水平井的设计概况,详细介绍了该井井眼轨道优化设计原则和设计结果,以及实钻井眼轨迹连续控制技术。该井精确命中A、B靶,两靶处的井斜角、方位角和垂深等达到了设计要求,在A靶实现了软着陆。该井井眼轨道优化设计和井眼轨迹控制技术为类似水平井的井眼轨道设计和轨迹控制提供了有益的借鉴。