Evaluation of genetic polymorphism among Lactobacillus rhamnosus non-starter Parmigiano Reggiano cheese strains

Parmigiano Reggiano (PR) is an Italian cooked, long-ripened cheese made with unheated cow's milk and natural whey starter. The microflora is involved in the manufacturing of this cheese, arising from the natural whey starter, the raw milk and the environment. Molecular studies have shown that mesophilic non-starter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB) are the dominant microflora present during the ripening of PR. In this study, a characterisation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus isolated from a single PR manufacturing and ripening process is reported, using a combination of genotypic fingerprinting techniques (RAPD-PCR and REP-PCR). The intraspecies heterogeneity evidenced for 66 strains is correlated to their abilities to adapt to specific environmental and technological conditions. The detection of biotypes that correlate with specific moments in cheese ripening or differential development throughout this process suggests that these strains may have specific roles closely linked to their peculiar technological properties.     

酪蛋白水解物对乳酸菌的促生长作用

研究了酪蛋白的木瓜蛋白酶水解物对乳酸菌(嗜热链球菌∶保加利亚杆菌=1∶1)的促生长作用.通过比较不同水解度的酪蛋白水解物的增值作用,发现酪蛋白经木瓜蛋白酶水解8 h后的水解物具有最强的促进乳酸菌生长作用.本试验进一步考察了该水解物对酸乳乳酸菌代谢产物(乳酸和胞外多糖)的产量及活菌数变化的影响.结果表明木瓜蛋白酶酪蛋白水...     

真空包装熟肉制品中的特定腐败微生物及其控制

真空包装低温熟肉制品的腐败变质主要是由乳酸菌引起的,腐败突出表现在出汁、产酸、产气、发粘4种感官腐败.主导腐败的微生物由清酒乳杆菌、弯曲乳杆菌、异型发酵的肠膜明串珠菌以及绿色魏斯菌等乳酸菌组成.在蒸煮阶段能够杀灭绝大多数微生物,腐败菌污染主要是在于后续的冷却、切片和真空包装阶段.采用超高压处理以及应用生物保护培养物,可以有效控制该类肉制品中的腐败微生物及部分致病微生物.     

乳酸菌发酵剂对杂粮面团及馒头品质的影响

为研究混合乳酸菌发酵对杂粮面团及馒头品质的影响,将黄豌豆粉、莜麦粉、谷朊粉及燕麦β-葡聚糖（oatmeal β-glucan,OBG）复配成杂粮粉基质,利用直投式混合乳酸菌发酵剂发酵面团制作馒头。探究乳酸菌在面团中的酸化能力,分析杂粮面团中OBG、抗性淀粉（resistant starch,RS）和游离氨基酸含量的变化以及面团的微观结构变化,并对发酵前后的杂粮馒头和小麦粉馒头进行品质及营养特性比较。结果表明,在发酵杂粮面团中乳酸菌酸化能力强,发酵24 h后乳酸和乙酸质量浓度分别达到24.85、8.98 mg/mL。与未发酵的杂粮面团相比,乳酸菌发酵杂粮面团中OBG含量下降32.56%,RS含量上升32.88%,游离氨基酸总量提升至1.46倍,氨基酸组成模式更优,部分蛋白质和纤维素发生降解,面筋网络结构更加紧密且连续。在营养方面,乳酸菌发酵前后的杂粮馒头膳食纤维质量分数均高于6%,蛋白质质量分数分别为40.35%和38.38%,属于高纤维高蛋白食品,显著优于小麦粉馒头。乳酸菌发酵杂粮馒头具有更高的体外蛋白消化率和比容,且乳酸菌发酵杂粮馒头感官评价总评分显著高于未发酵杂粮馒头,整体可接受度...     

产γ-氨基丁酸乳酸菌的筛选及诱变育种

利用乳酸菌分离培养基从酸菜汁中分离菌株。经过初筛、复筛后得到的菌株Lp-Lw-131有较好的产γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)能力。对菌株进行形态学鉴定和生理生化实验确定该菌为植物乳杆菌,编号为Lp-Lw-131。利用菌株体内的谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)将L-谷氨酸钠脱羧转化成GABA,用比色法测定GABA的产量为0.917g/L。以Lp-Lw-131为出发菌株进行紫外线和硫酸二乙酯(DES)诱变,以致死率为标准确定最佳诱变条件为：紫外照射距离30cm,照射时间90s;DES体积分数为25%醇溶液,处理时间20min,诱变后获得一株突变株Lp-Lw-131-34。连续传代10次后遗传性状稳定,平均GABA产量为1.815g/L,是出发菌株的1.979倍。     

肉用乳酸菌发酵剂菌株的分离筛选与鉴定

作者从4种自然发酵肉制品中分离出112株乳酸菌,通过考察菌株的发酵特性和耐受性,最终获得一株性能优良的菌株T1-1。该菌株在添加8 g/dL NaCl和150 mg/kgNaNO2的MRS培养基中生长良好,并且能耐受80℃水浴10 min。通过生理生化鉴定和16S rRNA序列分析,该菌株为植物乳杆菌。     

融合蛋白IFN-IgG Fc在乳酸乳杆菌中的表达及其生物学活性研究

用乳酸菌表达有药用价值的生物学活性多肽,是当前国际上的研究热点之,对开发新的功能性食品具有广阔的前景.本文应用PCR方法将人干扰素IFN-α-2b基因与IgG Fc基因连接,并引入一段柔性连接肽,构建了融合蛋白基因IFN-IgG Fc,将融合蛋白基因克隆到原核表达载体pSC111 AE中,转化乳酸乳杆菌ATCC393进行诱导表达及鉴定,并研究了融合蛋白的生物学活性.结果表明,通过Western-Blot方法在表达上清液检测出干扰素融合蛋白,ELISA测定表明两段多肽能够保持各自的构象,基因工程乳酸菌表达的上清液可以诱导WISH细胞产生明显的抗VSV病毒的活性,其活性为1.71×103IU/ml.本文首次构建并在大肠杆菌和乳酸菌表达了IFN-IgG Fc融合蛋白,获得了能产生人干扰素的乳酸菌株,为基因工程乳酸菌及相关药物的开发研究奠定了基础.     

红皮萝卜泡菜自然发酵过程中乳酸菌的动态变化

以红皮萝卜为原料,用自然发酵法泡渍,研究其发酵过程中各优势乳酸菌的消长变化规律。从四种培养基中筛选出改良的MC培养基为各类乳酸菌计数培养基,总共得到了七种明显的菌落形态特征的乳酸菌,将其依次鉴定为乳明串珠菌(Leuconostoc lactis)、乳酸乳球菌(Lactococcus lactis)、食窦魏斯氏(Weissella cibaria)、植物乳杆菌(L.plantarum)、发酵乳杆菌(L.fermentum)。对发酵过程中各种乳酸菌计数,结果显示:泡萝卜发酵前期球菌比较旺盛,发酵后期以杆菌为主。泡菜液p H达到3.5后,球菌开始消失。      

藏灵菇乳中具有优良抗氧化活性乳酸菌的筛选鉴定

为了得到具有抗氧化活性的乳酸菌,采用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）法和抑制脂质过氧化法对11 株来源于西藏藏灵菇乳的乳酸菌抗氧化活性进行测定,包括它们的完整细胞和无细胞提取物,发现HN05菌株有较好的抗氧化活性。根据菌株的表型、生理生化特征和基因型的特性,初步将HN05菌株鉴定为清酒乳杆菌清酒亚种（Lactobacillus sakei subsp. sakei）。     

Changes of antibiotic resistance genes and gut microbiota after the ingestion of goat milk

Antibiotic resistance genes, as newly emerging contaminants, have become a serious challenge to public health through the food chain. The gut of humans and animals is an important reservoir for the development and dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes because of the great abundance and diversity of intestinal microbiota. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of goat milk on the diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes and gut microbial communities, especially pathogenic bacteria. Male mice were used, 12 for each of the 2 groups: a control group that received sterile distilled water and a treated group that received goat milk, and gut microbiota and antibiotic resistance genes were compared in these groups using metagenomic analysis. The results revealed that ingestion of goat milk decreased the diversity and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in the mice gut. The relative abundance of fluoroquinolone, peptide, macrolide, and β-lactam resistance genes in the total microbial genes significantly decreased after the intervention. Goat milk intake also significantly reduced the abundance of pathogenic bacteria, such as Clostridium bolteae, Clostridium symbiosum, Helicobacter cinaedi, and Helicobacter bilis. Therefore, goat milk intake might decrease the transfer potential of antibiotic resistance gene to pathogenic bacteria in the gut. In addition, bacteria with multiple resistance mechanisms accounted for approximately 4.5% of total microbial communities in the control group, whereas it was not detectable in the goat milk group, indicating the total inhibition by goat milk intake. This study highlights the influence of goat milk on antibiotic resistome and microbial communities in the gut, and provides a new insight into the function of goat milk for further study.