仿生侵蚀介质对滚刀/大理岩滚动摩擦磨损行为的影响

目的 对比去离子水和仿生侵蚀介质2种工况下,滚刀/大理岩摩擦副在不同法向载荷作用下的滚动摩擦磨损行为,阐明仿生侵蚀介质对大理岩破碎去除和滚刀磨损的影响规律和作用机制,为化学手段辅助提升全断面隧道掘进机（TBM）破岩效率提供参考。方法 表征自制仿生侵蚀介质对大理岩和H13钢滚刀的腐蚀性,基于自制滚压破岩模拟试验机研究滚刀/大理岩摩擦副的滚动摩擦磨损行为。结果 仿生侵蚀介质对滚刀无明显腐蚀性,但会诱导大理岩表面产生次生裂隙和溶蚀孔,弱化岩石表面的力学性能。在法向载荷为45、75、105 N时,相较于去离子水工况,在仿生侵蚀介质工况下大理岩的磨损体积分别提高了25.3%、9.3%、17.5%,滚刀破岩比能分别下降了28.3%、11.4%、20.0%。在法向载荷为45N时,岩石表面的破坏形式主要为矿物颗粒破碎剥落。在法向载荷为75 N时,岩石的去除量明显增大,表面形成了密实核。在法向载荷为105 N时,岩石表面发生显著开裂和去除现象。结论 仿生侵蚀介质能促进大理岩的破碎和去除,降低滚刀磨损和破岩比能。仿生侵蚀介质的作用受到岩石破坏形式的影响,在法向载荷较低时,岩石表面破坏形式以矿物颗粒剥落和密...     

基于增强式学习的仿生机器鱼避障控制

研究了仿生机器鱼的自主避障控制,提出了一种集成超声和红外传感器的仿生机器鱼系统设计方案,为机器鱼安装了3个超声传感器和3个红外传感器.针对此仿生机器鱼系统,提出了一种基于增强式学习的仿生机器鱼自主避障控制策略,给出了状态集和行为集,采用当场奖励和延时奖励相结合的方法,通过学习获得了有效的状态行为组合.仿真实验验证了学习结果的有效性.     

紧凑型人眼安全OPO激光器

提出了OPO与泵浦源激光器共用一个谐振腔的新型结构,保证了OPO谐振腔和基波谐振腔的腔模最佳匹配,OPO光束质量得到了很大提高。泵浦源激光器,采用布氏角切割的Cr∶YAG晶体作为被动Q开关,定向棱镜作为谐振腔全反镜,使得整个OPO激光器具有结构紧凑、抗失调能力强的特点。1. 57μm激光的输出能量8mJ、发散角5. 5mrad、重复频率1 /6Hz。     

人眼3D肌肉控制模型

根据解剖学原理及人眼运动特征,提出了一种人眼3D肌肉控制模型.该模型由内部模型和外部模型组成,其3D运动由3类共8条肌肉控制.模型建模及驱动比较方便,并已在PC机上进行了模拟.模拟结果表明,人眼模型逼真,可较好地模拟人眼运动及表情.     

表面润湿性对梯形除雾器分离性能的影响

为解决实际工业中除雾器在高气速时分离效率明显降低的问题,利用除雾器分离实验装置,以水为实验介质,采用电火花线切割技术在叶片表面构建仿生微结构实现表面疏水化,考察了表面润湿性对除雾器分离效率和压降的影响。结果表明,仿生微结构的疏水功能和减阻效应良好,表面液膜的排液速率明显加快。当气速超过5 m/s时,其液膜厚度相对较薄,可有效抑制液滴的二次夹带,提升分离效率。同时,疏水型梯形除雾器内的流场分布较平缓,流动阻力小,总压降约为带钩型梯形除雾器的一半。因此,疏水型梯形除雾器兼具高效率和低阻力特性,综合分离性能最佳。     

A Biomimetic Hybrid Hydrogel Based on the Interactions between Amino Hydroxyapatite and Gelatin/Gellan Gum

In this work, a gelatin (Gel)‐oxidized gellan gum (OG)/amino hydroxyapatite (mHap) hybrid hydrogel with Schiff base linkages is reported. The mHap is obtained by modifying hydroxyapatite with tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3‐aminopropyl‐triethoxysilane. The effects of different mHap contents on the structure, morphology, and properties of hydrogels are particularly investigated. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersion spectroscopy reveals that mHap of around 100 nm is uniformly distributed inside the hydrogel with interconnected porous structures. Notably, the hydrogel with 1 wt% mHap possesses the highest compressive stress (2.01 ± 0.10 MPa) at 90% strain, as well as the lowest equilibrium swelling ratio (97% ± 5%) and degradation rate than other hydrogels. Besides, an ultra‐high compressive stress equivalent to 91% of the initial stress can be obtained by this hydrogel after 50 loading‐unloading cycles (85% strain). Meanwhile, after being swollen, this improved hydrogel also exhibits better structural stability than Gel‐OG hydrogel. The in vitro 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay further shows that all hydrogels are nontoxic against mouse fibroblasts. This work provides a biomimetic strategy to construct the organic/inorganic hydrogels with excellent interactions, elasticity, reversibility, and biocompatibility, which is of great importance for the practical applications in cartilage tissue engineering.     

Development of Core-Shell Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems Based on Biomimetic Mineralization

Among various drug-delivery systems, core-shell nanoparticles have many advantages. Inspired by nature, biomimetic synthesis has emerged as a new strategy for making core-shell nanoparticles in recent years. Biomimetic mineralization is the process by which living organisms produce minerals based on biomolecule templating that leads to the formation of hierarchically structured organic–inorganic materials. In this minireview, we mainly focus on the synthesis of core-shell nanoparticle drug-delivery systems by biomimetic mineralization. We review various biomimetic mineralization methods for fabricating core-shell nanoparticles including silica-based, calcium-based and other nanoparticles, and their applications in drug delivery. We also summarize strategies for drug loading in the biomolecule-mineralized core-shell NPs. Current challenges and future directions are also discussed.     

13C-2H双同位素示踪法研究硫酸盐浆中残余木质素的仿酶降解

本研究合成了松伯醇葡萄糖苷-[α-¹³C],将其与碳水化合物前驱物D-葡萄糖-[6-²H₂]及苯丙氨酸解氨酶(Phenylalanine Ammonialyas,PAL)的抑制剂羧甲氧基胺半盐酸盐(AOA)投入到处于生长状态的银杏枝条中,得到¹³C和²H双同位素标记的银杏木粉。对银杏木粉进行硫酸盐法蒸煮,所得浆料通过酶水解法分离及纯化后得到¹³C和²H双同位素标记的纤维素酶解木质素(CEL),用GIF-sur-Yvette型(GIF型)以及水杨醛(salicylaldehyde)、乙二胺(ethylenediamine)与铜离子形成的络合物(Cu(Salen))仿酶处理CEL,以进一步除去其中的木质素和木质素-碳水化合物复合体(LCC)。利用核磁共振技术(¹³C NMR和¹H NMR)对仿酶处理后的残余物进行分析,结果表明经GIF型仿酶处理后的残余物中木质素结构单元间主要以β-5、β-O-4...     

上水口环形吹氩对中间包内渣眼形成的影响

 中间包上水口环形吹氩可以在塞棒周围形成清洗钢液的环形气幕,同时部分氩气泡随钢液进入上水口内,可以减少非金属夹杂物在水口内壁的黏附,起到防止水口堵塞的作用。然而,不合理的吹氩量会导致中间包内液面渣层受过强的气液羽流冲击而形成渣眼,使得钢液裸露并发生二次氧化,严重影响铸坯质量。采用标准 k ε 湍流模型研究中间包内流体流动,采用DPM模型和VOF模型耦合方法,研究上水口环形吹氩条件下渣眼的形成及演化规律。结果表明,上水口环形吹氩在塞棒周围形成较强的上升流,塞棒上部邻近区域存在多个涡流区;在钢液涡流的影响下,中间包液渣下层远离塞棒区域,上层向塞棒区域迁移;随着吹氩量的增大,平均湍动能增大,塞棒附近钢液速度逐渐增大,钢渣界面钢液速度先增大后减小,渣眼边缘钢液速度先增大后减小然后再增大,速度与垂直方向夹角逐渐减小;增大吹氩量,中间包熔池液面形成以塞棒为中心的渣眼,渣眼面积逐渐增大。试验条件下不产生渣眼的临界吹氩量为4.2 L/min,对应的钢渣界面最大速度为0.247 m/s,与垂直方向夹角为70°。     

HPLC测定盐酸奥洛他定滴眼液中苯扎氯铵的含量

目的建立HPLC测定盐酸奥洛他定滴眼液中苯扎氯铵含量的方法。方法以氰基键合硅胶为填充剂;乙腈-水-三乙胺为440∶560∶1,用磷酸调pH 3.4为流动相,流速1.0 mL/min;检测波长210 nm。结果苯扎氯铵在0.05～0.15 mg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系(r=0.999 8);平均回收率99.7%(n=9,RSD=0.69%)。结论此方法简便灵敏准确,重复性好,可用于测定盐酸奥洛他定滴眼液中苯扎氯铵的含量。