三棱镜矫正斜视眼和眼位异常教学演示仪

针对眼视光技术专业斜视眼、眼位异常矫正原理的教学内容,设计制作了斜视眼、眼位异常光学矫正原理的教学演示仪,介绍了该教学演示仪的实验原理、实验方法、实验原始数据及其处理方法。所设计制作的教学演示装置在眼视光技术专业的教学演示实验中达到了良好的教学效果。     

基于模糊识别的驾驶员疲劳检测

汽车驾驶员疲劳驾驶是导致交通事故的重要原因之一,通过监测驾驶员的眼睛可以判别驾驶员的疲劳程度。对驾驶员眼睛的张开程度、眨眼频率、闭眼持续时间占空比等状态量进行检测和运算分析,提出利用模糊识别算法判别驾驶员眼睛疲劳状态。实验结果表明,该方法能有效识别驾驶员的疲劳状态,实时性好,准确率高。     

Bioprinting a cell-laden matrix for bone regeneration: A focused review

Although many efforts have been made to regenerate the bone lesions, existing challenges can be mitigated through the development of tissue engineering scaffolds. However, the weak control on the microstructure of constructs, limitation in preparation of patient-specific and multilayered scaffolds, restriction in the fabrication of cell-laden matrixes, and challenges in preserving the drug/growth factors' efficacy in conventional methods have led to the development of bioprinting technology for regeneration of bone defects. So in this review, conventional 3D printers are classified, then the priority of the different types of bioprinting technologies for the preparation of the cell/growth factor-laden matrixes are focused. Besides, the bio-ink compositions, including polymeric/hybrid hydrogels and cell-based bio-inks are classified according to fundamental and recent studies. Herein, different effective parameters, such as viscosity, rheological properties, cross-linking methods, biodegradation biocompatibility, are considered. Finally, different types of cells and growth factors that can encapsulate in the bio-inks to promote bone repair are discussed, and both in vitro and in vivo achievement are considered. This review provides current and future perspectives of cell-laden bioprinting technologies. The restrictions and challenges are identified, and proper strategies for the development of cell-laden matrixes and high-performance printable bio-inks are proposed.     

Hydrogen bonding induced enhancement for constructing anisotropic sugarcane composite hydrogels

Anisotropic hydrogels are appealing with their merits of similar biochemical and structural properties to the biological tissues. However, the mechanical properties of current anisotropic hydrogels need to be further improved. Herein, three kinds of novel anisotropic poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA), poly(acrylamide) (pAM), and poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (p[AM-co-AA]) sugarcane composite hydrogels were prepared successfully by filling the hydrogel monomer precursor into porous aligned sugarcane nanofibers network and then performing subsequent free radical polymerization. The hydrogel matrix and sugarcane nanofibers network were combined closely together through hydrogen bonding interaction. The anisotropic sugarcane composite hydrogels exhibit good flexibility and elastic recovery properties upon encountering mechanical crimping and twisting. In typical case, the as-prepared pHEMA sugarcane composite hydrogel can exhibit high anisotropic tensile strength of 2.37 and 0.54 MPa, while differential tear strength of 0.36 and 0.78 N/mm, along the parallel and vertical nanofibers directions. Finally, anisotropic lubrication behaviors were found and investigated systematically for those three kinds of sugarcane composite hydrogels when water was used as lubricant. Our current work proposes a simple and universal strategy for developing bioinspired anisotropic functional composite matters such as artificial skin, flexible sensor, and cartilage lubrication materials.     

基于红外图像的眼睛开闭检测方法

基于红外眼睛图像,提出一种红外环境下判断眼睛开闭状态的方法,并应用于疲劳驾驶检测当中。对图像采用基于余弦的Gamma校正压缩灰度值域的高低两端,同时扩展中间灰度值范围提高对比度,使用多尺度Retinex变换消除阴影的干扰以获取更准确的眼睛形态,根据眼角角度和上下眼睑间的高度在平面坐标上的分布特征对眼睛状态进行分类。实验结果表明,该方法可以有效地判断眼睛的状态。     

一种混合驱动柔索并联仿生眼的轨迹规划

在与眼球运动相关的解剖学和运动学的基础上,设计了一种符合Listing定理的基于混合驱动柔索并联机构的3自由度机器人仿生眼.通过矢量封闭方法建立了逆运动学模型,求解出柔索并联机器人的雅可比矩阵和结构矩阵.利用达朗贝尔定理建立柔索并联机器人的力矩平衡方程组,采用广义逆矩阵的相关理论,以柔索张力矢量的2范数最小为目标进行张力优化.用蒙特卡洛方法计算出仿生眼球可达工作空间.最后,在Simulink环境下进行仿真,规划运动轨迹并得到柔索并联机器人运动特性的仿真结果,证明了本文设计的机构符合Listing定理.结果表明:基于混合驱动柔索并联机构的机器人仿生眼结构合理,数学模型正确.     

A wide view auto‐stereoscopic 3D display with an eye‐tracking system for enhanced horizontal viewing position and viewing distance

This paper describes the development of auto‐stereoscopic three‐dimensional (3D) display with an eye‐tracking system for not only the X‐axis (right–left) and Y‐axis (up–down) plane directions but also the Z‐axis (forward–backward) direction. In the past, the eye‐tracking 3D system for the XY‐axes plane directions that we had developed had a narrow 3D viewing space in the Z‐axis direction because of occurrence of 3D crosstalk variation on screen. The 3D crosstalk variation on screen was occurred when the viewer's eye position moved back and forth along the Z‐axis direction. The reason was that the liquid crystal (LC) barrier pitch was fixed and the LC barrier was able to control the only barrier aperture position. To solve this problem, we developed the LC barrier that is able to control the barrier pitch as well as the barrier aperture position in real time, corresponding to the viewer's eye position. As a result, the 3D viewing space has achieved to expand up to 320–1016 mm from the display surface in the Z‐axis direction and within a range of ±267 mm in the X‐axis direction. In terms of the Y‐axis direction, the viewing space is not necessary to be considered, because of a stripe‐shaped parallax barrier.     

Hidden image display which required the special eyeglass for the viewer to observe the hidden image

Stenography is to conceal the hidden information within another information such that the hidden information can be extracted by the special technique. A steganographic display that required the special eyeglass for the viewer to observe the hidden image was newly proposed. In this hidden‐image display, the viewers wearing the special eyeglass can observe the hidden image, while the viewer with the naked eye can not discern the hidden image. Working principle and the calculation scheme for the generation of input images was investigated. The estimation of the normalized luminance for the gray levels of each pixel on the display was required for the calculation. The concept was experimentally verified using the commercial 3D display based on the patterned retarder and the polarizing eyeglass.     

A study of optimal viewing distance in a parallax barrier 3D display

The optimal viewing distance was proposed as a parameter for designing a parallax barrier 3D display. It can be designed based on simple geometric method and by considering the pitches of image display pixels and parallax barrier, or even including the aperture ratios of the image display pixels and parallax barrier. It can be analyzed by using ray tracing method. By considering the optical refraction index of the cover glass, the angular behavior of the system becomes more realistic; however, the geometric method is difficult to be used. We propose a revised method for estimating the view distance and angular behavior. In this paper, we have demonstrated a designated eye position (DEP) for each view and shown that multiple DEPs make a circular curve around the center of the display. We prove the new concept by comparing the optical ray tracing calculations and optical measurement.