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21.
Local Strain Measurement within Tendon 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Abstract: Tendon is a dense connective tissue, responsible for transmitting the forces generated by muscles to the skeleton. It is composed of a hierarchical arrangement of crimped collagen fibres, interspersed with proteoglycan matrix and cells, known as tenocytes. During physiological loading, tendons are subjected to strains in the region of 5–6%, which result in the straightening and realignment of the collagen fibres, generating variable local strain fields within the tendon. This study demonstrates a technique for analysing local strains within viable tendon explants, during both loading and unloading of the tissue. Samples were strained in a custom-designed rig, allowing real-time visualisation of cell nuclei, used as local discrete markers, on a confocal microscope. Results indicated that local strains within the fascicle are smaller than the applied strains, never exceeding 1.2%, even at 8% gross applied strain. By contrast, the sliding of adjacent collagen units was recorded at each strain increment in this study, reaching a mean maximum of 3.9% of the applied displacement. Loading–unloading studies indicated that sliding behaviour is reversible up to strains of 5%, and provides the major extension mechanism within the rat-tail tendon. This technique can be extended to further analyse shearing behaviour within the matrix. 相似文献
22.
通过对国内外大量石油套管螺纹参数的测量和全尺寸的模拟试验,以及对测量和试验数据的理论分析,找出了影响国产套管发生粘扣的原因,并在实际生产中实施验证。采取相应的措施改善了套管的抗粘结性能,同时套管的密封和抗滑脱性能并未下降。 相似文献
23.
在印刷品质量控制中为了得到更多的可靠数值,越来越多地选择用仪器测量法来代替主观评价法.这就是密度测量法和色度测量法. 相似文献
24.
This paper describes the elastic response of a block sample of compressible Chicago glacial clay under a variety of stresses and its relationship with the deformation characteristics at relatively large strains. The elastic shear stiffness was obtained from bender element tests during consolidation and shearing in drained triaxial stress probe tests. An empirical correlation was established based on the elastic shear stiffness in a preyield condition. By comparing the empirical correlation with the measured elastic shear stiffness in the stress region during probing, the changes of elastic shear stiffness were investigated. The departure of elastic shear stiffness from values computed by the empirical relation based on K0 loading directly relates to the yielding characteristics of the clay. The large-scale change of soil structure at yielding alters the well-established relationship between the elastic shear stiffness and stresses in the preyield condition. The mechanical yielding response of clays can be detected based on the systematic analysis of the elastic shear wave velocities. 相似文献
25.
Scale selection using three different representations for images 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. Martinez-Baena J. A. García J. Fdez-Valdivia Rosa Rodriguez-Sanchez 《Pattern recognition letters》1997,18(14):1453-1467
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27.
This paper reviews the current state of industry with regard to the introduction of software metrics. It discusses the benefits that organizations have derived from metrication, it looks at why organizations have sought to introduce metrics programmes, how they have gone about introducing those programmes and the problems that they have encountered during implementation. The review found that, on the whole, only the sanitized aspects of metrics experiences have actually been published. This seems to be especially the case with respect to practitioner resistance. Very few organizations admit to having encountered resistance during the introduction of a metrics programme. The paper also includes the results of a pilot study, conducted by the first author, which examines the attitudes that developers hold towards the introduction of software metrics. The key findings of this pilot study are that positive attitudes to metrics correlate highly with levels of education and to job satisfaction. 相似文献
28.
正交双频光栅CCD系统剪切干涉测量二维温度场 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
以半导体激光器为光源,利用正交双频光栅(ODFG)CCD系统剪切干涉对带平板边界的半圆柱体热源的二维温度场进行实时诊断,分析剪切干涉图时,用柱函数系作为拟合基底,给出二维自然对流温度场的定量分布。 相似文献
29.
动态波前相位的高分辨率测量 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
动态波前相位信息测量是大气光学,气动光学和激光技术等领域的重要实验手段。提出了一种具有高的时间和空间分辨率以及长的测量持续时间的动态波前相位测量方法。应用Hartmann-Shack波前传感器获得高空间分辨率的相位信息,采用高帧频CCD摄象机获得高时间分辨率图象数据。 相似文献
30.
Abstract. This paper examines the capacity of the research designs of 37 empirical studies of information systems (IS) effectiveness to provide a basis for the development of theories about behaviour related to IS effectiveness. The power of each study to support causal inference was evaluated in terms of (a) its handling of the time dimension, (b) its ability to weigh differences and (c) its resistance to internal validity threats that pose alternative explanations for its reported findings. Of the reviewed studies, 29.7% could account for the time dimension, 32.4% employed a comparison group and 16.2% were not susceptible to any internal validity threats. Only 13.5% of the studies combined an accounting for the time dimension with the use of a comparison group. Of these, however, only 5.4% were also invulnerable to internal validity threats. The research designs of nearly 95% of these published studies were deficient in supporting causal inference. In those studies, suggestions that one variable was causally related to another variable could not be substantiated. Encouragement for the future capacity of IS effectiveness research to support causal inference was found in a trend towards the use of quasiexperimental designs. Recommendations are made regarding ways to increase the inferential capacity of research designs employed in the study of IS effectiveness. 相似文献