华沙大学新图书馆——树林中的城市

华沙大学新图书馆根据两位波兰建筑师Marek Budzyski和Zbigniew Badowski在竞赛中获一等奖的方案实施,建筑师的设计主题是“树林中的城市”。整体建筑素雅,环境优美,其屋顶花园为欧洲最大和最漂亮的屋顶花园之一。本文简要介绍和分析了了华沙大学新图书馆及其花园的概况与设计理念。     

沈阳奥林匹克体育中心体育场创意设计

沈阳奥林匹克中心体育场设计以"月桂树之冠"为寓意主题,充分体现"绿色、科技、人文"奥运的宗旨,意在创造一座与环境共生的生态型体育场。     

基于多元共生的社区老龄娱教服务系统设计研究

目的为了缓解中国人口老龄化与社会物质资源配置之间的矛盾,将共生理论与服务设计理念运用到社区老龄娱教服务体系中,为老龄用户提供多元化的娱教服务。方法运用共生理论对参与社区娱教服务的共生单元、共生模式、共生环境进行具体分析,再融合服务设计理念,探讨服务供给主体之间的共生关系,优化系统中的资源配置,实现主体间的协同合作,完成供需平衡的服务体验链的建构,并延展出社区老龄娱教服务系统设计策略。结论通过多元共生模式的社区娱教服务设计理论的架构,明确设计方向,并建立系统功能结构模块,形成多元服务主体共生联动的娱教服务系统,提升社区娱教服务的参与性与结果的适用性,为以后的老龄服务事业提供新的机遇和可借鉴的理论依据。     

Nitric Oxide Metabolic Pathway in Drought-Stressed Nodules of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.)

Drought is an environmental stress that strongly impacts plants. It affects all stages of growth and induces profound disturbances that influence all cellular functions. Legumes can establish a symbiosis with Rhizobium-type bacteria, whose function is to fix atmospheric nitrogen in organs called nodules and to meet plant nitrogen needs. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) is particularly sensitive to drought. We raised the hypothesis that, in drought-stressed nodules, SNF inhibition is partly correlated to hypoxia resulting from nodule structure compaction and an increased O₂ diffusion barrier, and that the nodule energy regeneration involves phytoglobin–nitric oxide (Pgb–NO) respiration. To test this hypothesis, we subjected faba bean (Vicia faba L.) plants nodulated with a Rhizobium laguerreae strain to either drought or osmotic stress. We monitored the N₂-fixation activity, the energy state (ATP/ADP ratio), the expression of hypoxia marker genes (alcohol dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase), and the functioning of the Pgb–NO respiration in the nodules. The collected data confirmed our hypothesis and showed that (1) drought-stressed nodules were subject to more intense hypoxia than control nodules and (2) NO production increased and contributed via Pgb–NO respiration to the maintenance of the energy state of drought-stressed nodules.     

Aphid BCR4 Structure and Activity Uncover a New Defensin Peptide Superfamily

Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) are among the most detrimental insects for agricultural plants, and their management is a great challenge in agronomical research. A new class of proteins, called Bacteriocyte-specific Cysteine-Rich (BCR) peptides, provides an alternative to chemical insecticides for pest control. BCRs were initially identified in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. They are small disulfide bond-rich proteins expressed exclusively in aphid bacteriocytes, the insect cells that host intracellular symbiotic bacteria. Here, we show that one of the A. pisum BCRs, BCR4, displays prominent insecticidal activity against the pea aphid, impairing insect survival and nymphal growth, providing evidence for its potential use as a new biopesticide. Our comparative genomics and phylogenetic analyses indicate that BCRs are restricted to the aphid lineage. The 3D structure of BCR4 reveals that this peptide belongs to an as-yet-unknown structural class of peptides and defines a new superfamily of defensins.     

Distinct Responses to Pathogenic and Symbionic Microorganisms: The Role of Plant Immunity

Plants must balance both beneficial (symbiotic) and pathogenic challenges from microorganisms, the former benefitting the plant and agriculture and the latter causing disease and economic harm. Plant innate immunity describes a highly conserved set of defense mechanisms that play pivotal roles in sensing immunogenic signals associated with both symbiotic and pathogenic microbes and subsequent downstream activation of signaling effector networks that protect the plant. An intriguing question is how the innate immune system distinguishes “friends” from “foes”. Here, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the role and spectrum of innate immunity in recognizing and responding to different microbes. In addition, we also review some of the strategies used by microbes to manipulate plant signaling pathways and thus evade immunity, with emphasis on the use of effector proteins and micro-RNAs (miRNAs). Furthermore, we discuss potential questions that need addressing to advance the field of plant–microbe interactions.     

Closing Water‐Related Loops in High‐tech Polymer Production – Status,Perspectives and Limitations

Chemical production is inherently associated with the use of a significant amount of water. The closure of water‐related loops to recover materials and reuse water has been established in chemical parks for a long time. Circuits can be realized process‐integrated, across legal entities, or even cross‐sectoral. Incentives can be the lack of natural water resources, to use a high water quality or the recovery of valuables. One example is the recovery of NaCl from salt‐containing process water streams to produce chlorine and caustic soda in the chlor‐alkali electrolysis. However, such reuse schemes exhibit technical, economic and ecological challenges. Taking these into account, industry is taking action to research and develop new, environmentally friendly and economically viable processes.     

Ressourcenschonung und Kreislaufführung in der Prozessindustrie

Efficient use of material and energy flows increases the competitiveness of manufacturing companies and saves the environment at the same time. In order to significantly reduce the use of non-renewable materials and energy, a change from a linear to a closed-loop production process is necessary. In recent years, various closed-loop strategies have been developed, implemented or are in the process of being implemented. In this paper, a brief overview of approaches for a circular economy in the process industry is given.     

博兴洼陷西部沙三段底部地层沉积相划分

博兴洼陷西部花沟地区井资料少，地层的波阻抗差异小，利用常规地震属性分析技术进行沉积相划分，效果不是很好。为此，探讨了利用高精度古地形恢复技术和地震共生体素聚类技术划分沉积相的方法。在古地形恢复技术研究中，重点讨论了关于古地形恢复可靠程度的各种校正及校正界定问题；在地震相分析中，引入了图像处理中的共生体素技术，探讨了地震属性共生体素聚类分析地震相划分技术；最后，综合利用古地形恢复结果和地震属性共生体素地震相分析结果，对研究区的目的层沙三段进行了沉积相划分。     

高效藻类塘藻菌共生系统的培养

采用生活污水对高效藻类塘进行藻类培养驯化，在水深为0．5m、流速为0．35m／s以及气候适宜的条件下约4d可培养成功。培养完成时优势藻为四尾栅藻（Scenedesmus quadricauda），叶绿素a浓度为0．28mg／L。通过分析塘内NO3^--N和NO2^--N浓度的变化规律发现，在藻、菌培养过程中存在藻类、亚硝酸菌、硝酸菌依次生长过程。高效藻类塘培养简单、启动快，有利于其在农村地区的推广应用。