A novel technique to prepare LiNbO3 at low temperature

Fresh niobium hydroxide was first precipitated from NbF₅ solution using an aqueous ammonium hydroxide under basic conditions. Then a simple procedure of mixing lithium and niobium hydroxides together and heating at a low temperature (400 °C) produced pure ultrafine single phase LiNbO₃ (LN). In the literature, this is the lowest temperature so far reported on the formation of LN. The phase content and lattice parameters are determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The average particle size and morphology were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).     

在ad hoc网络中一种新的节能路由切换模型

提出了一种基于能量消耗的路由切换模型(ERHM),它在路由维护中利用切换技术来使路由的能量消耗最小.仿真结果表明采用切换技术的ERHM模型的能量节省量要比不采用切换技术节约1.5～7.5倍,且节点的移动性越大,能量节约越多.     

电控平行排列液晶光栅的光衍射特性研究

对电控平行液晶光栅的理论进行了分析,并配以结构原理图。通过对平行排列及90°扭曲排列液晶指向矢的计算,得出液晶盒中相应的折射率、相位差与电压之间的关系图,两者经比较证明平行排列更具适用性,并在实验中观测到了平行排列液晶光栅衍射特性与电压的关系。     

正交参数与平纹面

本文证明了一族闭曲线C(t),t∈I,称变闭曲线,在光滑性条件下,具有正交参数u,即当C(t)表为(?)=(?)(u,t)时,有(?)·(?)≡0.接着,文中提出了一种“降维法”,即用一族平行平面将空间曲面截成平面变曲线,并讨论其若干整体性质.     

Possibilities and extension of XRD material response analysis in failure research for the advanced evaluation of the damage level of Hertzian loaded components

Due to clearly distinguishable damage symptoms, it is differentiated between the surface and sub‐surface failure mode of rolling bearings. Material states red out by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) residual stress measurements point to a variety of loading conditions especially at raceway surfaces that are associated with several competing failure mechanisms. The corresponding lifetime reduction can range from the lower fatigue strength region to material ratcheting in extreme cases. Relevant position of the microstructural changes and nature of the failure mechanisms are characterized. The time alteration of the XRD material parameters measured at or near the surface and at the depth of the maximum equivalent stress correlates, in a different manner, with the statistical parameter of the 10 % bearing life. Both failure modes are illustrated by concrete examples. Contaminated lubricant and boundary lubrication, which represent practically important surface‐induced failures, are discussed in more detail. Gray staining, i.e. shallow pitting, often occurs without distinct indication of global material aging by means of XRD characteristics. Here, scanning electron microscopy observations and electron microprobe analyses point to corrosion fatigue as acting surface failure mechanism. The interaction between material and lubricant under complex loading regimes particularly of mixed friction and corrosion opens further failure research areas in the field of tribology.     

基于米氏散射及夫朗和费衍射的FAM激光测粒仪

提出了综合运用夫朗和费衍射和米氏散射，即在大粒径范围内采用夫朗和费衍射理论，而在小粒径范围内采用米氏散射理论，来改善小粒径范围内的测量精度，保证激光测粒仪在整个粒径范围内的测量精度。     

超低膨胀陶瓷K_（2x）Ba_（1－x）Zr_4（PO_4）_6系统的X射线衍射

用高温Ｘ射线衍射方法对磷酸锆钡钾系统陶瓷材料的各向异性热膨胀作了研究．对七个组份试样的７７套高温Ｘ射线衍射图作了仔细的指标化和精密点阵常数测定．点阵常数随温度作非线性变化·对Ｋ_２ｘＢａ_１－ｘＺｒ_４（ＰＯ_４）_６的不同组份不同温度（３００～１３００Ｋ）的热膨胀系数。α_ａ、α_ｃ、　作了测定·该系统零膨胀陶瓷的组份为Ｋ_１．１６Ｂａ_０．４２Ｚｒ_４（ＰＯ_４）_６（ｘ＝０．５８）     

Photo-reversible Reaction in Polymer Langmuir-Blodgett Films

Preparation of photoreactive Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films was carried out using polymers/oligomers prepared from long-chain dialkyl esters of di-and tetra-olefins and having cyclobutane rings in the main chain. These polymers/oligomers formed stable monolayers on a water surface when mixed with arachidic acid. These monolayers could be deposited onto a substrate successfully forming Y-type films. The oligomer LB films were polymerized on irradiation. The polymer LB films showed a photo-reversible process between polymers and oligomers, depending on wavelength of the irradiating light. On the basis of spectral data and molecular weight change, this behaviour was found to be caused by cleavage and formation of cyclobutane rings.     

A new approach to the mechanism of chlorine evolution: Separate examination of the kinetic steps using ac impedance on a rotating thin ring electrode

In the absence of a bulk diffusion effect, it is shown for the first time that the impedance spectra for the chlorine evolution reaction on a rotating thin ring electrode comprise three consecutive semicircles in the capacitive half of the complex plane. The first (highest frequency) semicircle is due to the charge-transfer resistance for chloride discharge and the simultaneous chlorine adsorption coupled to the double-layer capacitance. The second semicircle (around 5 Hz) is due to the adsorption and desorption of a chlorine intermediate. The third (lowest frequency, around 0.5 Hz) semicircle is due to the relaxation of surface oxygen species. The impedance data allow the steps of the overall reaction to be examined individually. On a Pt surface the rate of chloride discharge and simultaneous chlorine adsorption (the admittance of the first semicircle) is first order with respect to chloride concentration and has a potential-dependence close to 58 mV/decade. The rate of the adsorption and desorption process (the admittance of the second semicircle) is second order with respect to chloride concentration, and has a potential dependence close to 30 mV/decade. The time constant for the adsorption/desorption processes is ca 20 ms, independent of electrode potential in the range studied. These features are consistent with a mechanism in which a faster discharge reaction (Cl⁻ Cl_ad + e) is followed by a slower surface combination reaction (2Cl_ad → Cl₂), but inconsistent with mechanisms in which ion + atom desorption is predominant, the initial chloride discharge is slow, or a unipositively charged chlorine species is involved.     

Residual Stress Evolution in Repair Welds

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to study the influence of the repair procedure on the evolution of residual stress distribution in butt welds. C-Mn steel coupon plates of 11 mm thickness were prepared, subjected to stress relief heat treatment and welded with two beads, using the gas metal arc welding process. After the deposition of two weld beads, two successive repair welds were made on the middle length of the second bead. Longitudinal and transverse residual stresses were measured in the vicinity of the weld, after deposition of the two weld beads and after each repair weld. Residual stress evaluation was conducted using an X-ray diffraction method. The repair welds caused a decrease in magnitude of the initial longitudinal residual welding stresses, and an increase of the transverse residual stress magnitude, in tension at points within the repair length, and in compression at points outside the repair length.