Recent Advances in Reactive Extrusion Processing of Biodegradable Polymer‐Based Compositions

This review reports on recent advances in the design of biodegradable polymers built from petroleum and renewable resources using reactive extrusion processing. Reactive extrusion represents a unique tool to manufacture biodegradable polymers upon different types of reactive modification in a cost‐effective way. Partially based on our ongoing research, ring‐opening polymerization of biodegradable polyesters will be approached as well as the chemical modification of biodegradable polymers, particularly natural polymers. The development of environmentally friendly polymer blends as well as (nano)composites from natural polymers, including natural fibers and nanoclays, through reactive extrusion, as an efficient way to improve the interfacial adhesion between these components, will be also discussed.

     

Mechanical properties and grain orientation evolution of zirconium diboride-zirconium carbide ceramics

The effect of ZrC on the mechanical response of ZrB₂ ceramics has been evaluated from room temperature to 2000 °C. Zirconium diboride ceramics containing 10 vol% ZrC had higher strengths at all temperatures compared to previous reports for nominally pure ZrB₂. The addition of ZrC also increased fracture toughness from $～3\text{.5}\text{MPa}\sqrt{\text{m}}$ for nominally pure ZrB₂ to $～4\text{.3}\text{MPa}\sqrt{\text{m}}$ due to residual thermal stresses. The toughness was comparable with ZrB₂ up to 1600 °C, but increased to $4\text{.6}\text{MPa}\sqrt{\text{m}}$ at 1800 °C and 2000 °C. The increased toughness above 1600 °C was attributed to plasticity in the ZrC at elevated temperatures. Electron back-scattered diffraction analysis showed strong orientation of the ZrC grains along the [001] direction in the tensile region of specimens tested at 2000 °C, a phenomenon that has not been observed previously for fast fracture (crosshead displacement rate = 4.0 mm min^?1) in four point bending. It is believed that microstructural changes and plasticity at elevated temperature were the mechanisms behind the ultrafast reorientation of ZrC.     

浮环密封和双端面干气密封在富气压缩机上的应用

详细阐述富气压缩机浮环密封和双端面干气密封的原理结构及优缺点,并对浮环密封存在的问题作了分析,最后在选择密封型式上提出建议。     

Sintering analysis of garnet-type ceramic as oxide solid electrolytes for rapid Li+ migration

Metallic doping can stabilize cubic phase Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ (LLZO) solid electrolyte for high conductivity, due to the enhanced vacancies and disordered Li-site. However, the understanding of metallic doping in the crystal lattice during the high-temperature sintering process is still not clear. In present study, a gradient series of Fe doped LLZO are formulated via solid-phase reaction, and then investigated through crystal analysis and morphological characterization. Pair distribution function essay implies that doped Fe³⁺ promotes random distribution of Li⁺ over the available sites in the located crystal. Additionally, the ceramic morphology confirms that the particles sizes in LLZO pellets suddenly grow above 1000 ℃, and Fe doping can obviously suppress Li loss above 600 ℃. As a result, the LLZF0.15 exhibits the relatively high ionic conductivity of 1.99 × 10^–5 S cm^–1 at 45 ℃.     

柠檬酸复合改性对多环芳烃选择性开环铂/Beta催化剂性能的影响

通过水热处理、柠檬酸处理及其复合处理对Beta分子筛进行后改性,并以改性后的载体制得铂/Beta催化剂。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF）、程序升温脱附（NH₃-TPD）、红外吡啶吸附（Py-IR）、骨架铝核磁共振技术（²⁷Al MAS NMR）及骨架硅核磁共振技术（²⁹Si MAS NMR）等表征了改性前后Beta分子筛的物化性质,并考察了改性前后铂/Beta的多环芳烃选择性开环性能。结果表明,Beta分子筛在柠檬酸处理过程中可同时发生络合脱铝与骨架补铝,实现骨架铝的再分布;Beta分子筛在水热处理过程中优先脱除稳定性相对较低的Si（2 Al）处骨架铝,产生骨架缺陷的同时生成一定比例的二次介孔结构;水热-柠檬酸复合处理影响Beta分子筛骨架补铝及骨架铝再分布的效果,水热处理后Beta分子筛中存在更多的骨架缺陷,促进活性Al（OH）₂⁺物种的骨架补铝作用。当Beta分子筛采用水热-柠檬酸复合处理顺序时,骨架补铝及骨架铝再分布效果显著,样品以中强酸为主,且具有较高的B酸量与L酸量的比值,所制备催化剂的多环芳烃选择性开环活性及稳定性最优。     

55dtex/36f中空涤纶全拉伸丝的开发

采用熔体直纺及环吹风纺丝技术生产55 dtex/36 f中空涤纶全拉伸丝,讨论了全拉伸丝的生产工艺及喷丝板的设计参数。结果表明:采用3C圆形中空喷丝板,选择纺丝温度292℃,环吹风风压22 Pa,拉伸热辊温度92℃,定型热辊温度120℃,拉伸倍数2.46,卷绕速度4 500 m/min,生产状况稳定,产品优等品率达95%以上,中空度达30%以上,织物保温率达20.45%。     

硫酸法钛白粉生产循环经济模式

针对硫酸法钛白粉生产中“三废”产生量大、处理成本高的问题,提出一种以废酸的资源化利用为核心的循环经济模式。水解工序排出的加（H2SO4）约20％的废酸通过多效真空浓缩为w（H2SO4）约55％的硫酸,用于钛白粉或磷化工装置,浓缩过程析出的一水硫酸亚铁用于生产硫酸,焙烧产生的w（Fe）约65％的烧渣作为钢铁厂炼铁原料。详细讨论了废酸浓缩工艺及工艺参数的选择,以及硫酸亚铁制酸需解决的工程问题。     

酰胺类除草剂与牛血清白蛋白的相互作用

[目的]研究酰胺类除草剂(甲草胺、乙草胺)与牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用机制和作用类型。在模拟动物体生理条件下,应用荧光光谱法检测Stern-Volmer猝灭常数,用紫外分光光度法(UV)和圆二色光谱(CD)检测酰胺类除草剂对BSA构象的影响。[结果]用上述检测方法获得不同温度下酰胺类除草剂与BSA猝灭常数和热动力学常数,发现酰胺类除草剂对BSA有猝灭作用。[结论]静态猝灭是酰胺类除草剂导致BSA荧光猝灭的主要原因。不同温度下计算的热力学参数表明酰胺类除草剂与BSA之间的作用力主要是范德华力和氢键。加入酰胺类除草剂后导致BSA的构象发生变化。     

河源生态工业园发展策略研究

生态工业园在促进资源和能源的高效利用、减少废弃物的产生、降低企业生产成本提高市场竞争优势等方面的作用已为世界各地广泛认同,是解决工业环境问题的有效手段之一。通过对河源市工业园区的发展状况进行分析,找出河源工业园区建设存在的问题,并指出河源发展生态工业园的必要性,同时还提出河源生态工业园的发展策略,对于解决河源市生态工业园的发展建设具有现实的参考意义。生态工业园的建设对河源发展循环经济具有重要作用。     

离心式高压甲铵泵检修总结

介绍尿素装置离心式高压甲铵泵一次事故后比较艰难的修复经过,总结检修中的经验教训和应注意问题,并对事故原因进行分析。