Investigation of free volume,interfacial, and toughening behavior for cyanate ester/bentonite nanocomposites by positron annihilation

Effects of filler on microstructure and toughening behavior of cyanate ester (CE)/bentonite (BT) nanocomposites with different content of BT have been studied by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, etc. The interesting results found by PALS indicate that the size and concentration of the free volume holes and the apparent free volume fraction increased with increasing the content of BT, which indicates that adding nano‐layers to thermosetting materials can lead to the high crosslinking density structure “looser.” The experimental results reveal that the increases in size of free volume holes and apparent free volume fraction are related to the increasing conversion of cure reaction. On the other hand, the mechanism of toughening (by adding the nano‐clay to the thermosetting material) has been discussed by combining free volume and interfacial property. It is shown that, for the high crosslinking thermosetting material‐based nanocomposites, both the property of free volume and dispersion state of nano‐layers are the two key factors in determining toughening property. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 1509–1515, 2006     

A fuzzy neural network approach for online fault detection in waste water treatment process

In this paper, an effective strategy for fault detection of sludge volume index (SVI) sensor is proposed and tested on an experimental hardware setup in waste water treatment process (WWTP). The main objective of this fault detection strategy is to design a system which consists of the online sensors, the SVI predicting plant and fault diagnosis method. The SVI predicting plant is designed utilizing a fuzzy neural network (FNN), which is trained by a historical set of data collected during fault-free operation of WWTP. The fault diagnosis method, based on the difference between the measured concentration values and FNN predictions, allows a quick revealing of the faults. Then this proposed fault detection method is applied to a real WWTP and compared with other approaches. Experimental results show that the proposed fault detection strategy can obtain the fault signals of the SVI sensor online.     

Molar volume and ultrasonic studies of europium soaps in mixed organic solvents

The ultrasonic velocity and density measurements of europium soaps in a mixture of benzene and methanol (3:2, vol/vol) were used to evaluate various acoustic parameters and molar volume and to determine the critical micelle concentration. The results showed that the ultrasonic velocity, specific acoustic impedance, molar sound velocity, and molar compressibility increase, and intermolecular free length, adiabatic Compressibility, and relative association decrease with increasing concentration and chainlength of the soap. The results were interpreted in terms of soap-solvent interaction.     

海上溢油漂移扩散的数值模拟

该文基于三维自由水面垂向分层动网格的Euler-Lagrangian模式,采用VC方式(Vertex-Centered)的非结构化有限体积方法离散三维浅水方程,模拟渤海的潮汐水流运动过程。以此为水动力背景场,采用油、水分离的Lagrangian粒子追踪模型,对渤海海域发生的溢油漂移扩散问题进行模拟。其油品的蒸发、乳化和溶解等风化作用以引入综合衰减系数的方式考虑。模型对油膜的漂移路径、厚度和面积进行了实时模拟和预测,用多个测站的同步连续实测值对水动力模式进行了参数率定与模型验证,油膜输运扩散的计算结果也与相关报告数据进行了对比,均吻合良好,说明模型具有较高的可靠性与重现性。     

城市径流总量控制指标分解及实现路径探索与实践

针对海绵城市径流总量控制目标,提出一种在城市规划体系中控制性详细规划和修建性详细规划阶段分解落实年径流总量控制率的方法。在控制性详细规划阶段分解径流总量控制指标时,分步骤先后确定各项低影响开发措施的面积率和下沉深度;在修建性详细规划阶段,配合径流总量控制指标分解结果,给出适宜的各项低影响开发措施的技术实施导则,以保证各单项指标的正确实施,并以某项目为例介绍了技术实施导则的构建方法。     

Free volume in two differently plasticized poly(vinyl chloride)s: a positron lifetime and PVT study

The temperature dependence of the specific volume, V, and of the mean size of local free volumes (holes), v_h, of poly(vinyl chloride) containing 10 wt% (PVC-h) and 30 wt% (PVC-s) of the plasticizer di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) were studied by pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) experiments. Using the Simha-Somcynsky equation-of-state, the hole fraction h was calculated from the PVT data. It was found that the thermal expansivity of the specific volume V, the specific free volume V_f=hV, and v_h increase with the content of plasticizer. From the comparison of V and V_f with v_h the hole number per gram N′_h is estimated. Other than v_h, N′_h does not depend on the temperature nor on the content of plasticizer.     

小型轴流压气机清洗两相流场的数值模拟

针对某小型航空发动机单级轴流压气机的清洗需求,以数值模拟结合实验的方法对压气机清洗流场的各种参数进行了分析研究.在初步确定清洗方案的基础上,建立了基于S-A湍流模型的离散相数值模拟理论模型,以经验公式估算喷嘴形成的初始液滴分布,并对喷嘴的实验参数进行了校准,最后以CFD软件进行了流场的数值模拟,计算结果表明：清洗液滴不会对压气机的流场产生明显影响,平面扇形喷嘴在该小型压气机上能获得较好的清洗效果.     

Molecular simulation of hydrogen adsorption in organic zeolite

The adsorption of molecular hydrogen on model zeolites has been simulated employing Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) procedure. The effects of cation type, available volume, surface area, temperature, pressure and pre-adsorbed organics such as benzene on the hydrogen uptake are analyzed. The hydrogen adsorption can be affected mainly by the available volume and surface area per g-zeolite at the same temperature and pressure. Increase of temperature results in the decrease of sorption intensity and capacity. The adsorption capacity correlates well with the pressure with high linearity at room temperature. Adsorption is lowered by the pre-adsorbed benzene molecule. The orientation and the number of benzene molecule in zeolite affect the adsorption capacity. The organic zeolite with larger available volume shows larger adsorption capacity.     

耐高温水蒸汽氟橡胶的研究

对四氟化乙丙橡胶（ＴＰ－２）和氟橡胶（ＦＫＭ－２４６Ｇ）进行了耐２８０℃水蒸汽试验。结果表明：以过氧化二异丙－三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯为硫化体系的ＴＰ－２硫化胶的耐高温水蒸汽性能，明显优于以Ｎ，Ｎ＇－双肉桂叉－１，６－己二胺为硫化体系的ＦＫＭ－２４６Ｇ硫化胶和以过氧化苯甲酰为硫化体系的ＦＫＭ－２４６Ｇ硫化胶。     

Numerical analysis on reaction injection molding of polyurethane foam by using a finite volume method

Foam reaction injection molding (FRIM) is one of the most popular and useful processes for producing polyurethane foam with a complex geometry. A theoretical model which includes chemical reactions, foaming, and mold filling was developed to analyze FRIM. Energy balance equation was derived by considering polyurethane reaction, water-isocyanate reaction, and evaporation of physical blowing agents. Density and viscosity model was proposed for the bubble suspension, which was assumed to be a homogeneous phase. Based on the theoretical model, three-dimensional numerical simulation for mold filling of the polyurethane foam was carried out to predict flow field, flow front advancement, and density distribution during mold filling. Mold filling of a refrigerator cavity was investigated numerically. The density and thermal conductivity of the foam in the flow front was higher than those in the initially filled region.