油管自由悬挂的危害及锚定工艺

从分析某油田近10年的检泵资料、找出影响其泵效的症结入手,从理论与实践的结合上论述了油管自由悬挂造成的弹性形变、油管漏失、疲劳破坏、磨损等多种危害,提出了一种简单易行的油管锚定方法及施工工艺,经现场应用,取得良好效果,应引起采油工作者的高度重视,以最大限度地提高有杆泵采油效益。     

ASME规范与我国《锅规》在制造技术上的主要差异

阐述了ASME规范与我国《锅规》在制造上的不同规定,从形为公差、焊接、检验等方面进行了详细对比。     

竖直井油管扶正器的安装间距研究

建立了竖直井安装扶正器的油管力学模型,给出了油管任意横截面轴力的计算方法,导出了相邻扶正器之间油管失稳的临界状态方程,以油管不发生失稳为条件,确立了从泵端向上安装扶正器的间距的计算方法,并以中原油田卫１１５井为例进行了计算。     

MgATP-induced conformational changes in a single myosin molecule observed by atomic force microscopy: periodicity of substructures in myosin rods

This paper discusses the conformational changes in a single myosin molecule directly observed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The myosin molecules were pretreated in rigor solutions without MgATP or in relaxed solutions with various concentrations of MgATP. The images of these molecules were obtained using a tapping mode AFM. The results indicate that the orientation of the myosin's heads and tail strongly depend on the MgATP concentration. Without using MgATP, almost all of the myosin molecules are in the extended form; however, when MgATP is used, the molecules bend according to the level of MgATP concentration. The mean-square end-to-end distance of the myosin molecules is significantly shorter with p[MgATP] = 4 than with p[MgATP] = 6. The rod region did not show the same level of intensity along their length in the extended form. The rods exhibited clusters of discontinuity, which were identified as substructures. The size of these substructures change at intervals that are multiples of 14.3-14.5 nm, which reflects the periodicity of the alpha-helical coiled coils. The substructure clusters also correspond to the myosin crossbridge spacing in muscles (14.3 or 43 nm). These results suggest that the myosin's head bends in conjunction with the bending or tilting in the helical substructures. Conformational changes of the myosin molecule induced by MgATP seem to mimic the molecular motions in a muscle's force generation process.     

连续油管的力学行为研究

连续油管以其不同于常规钻杆和油管的材质、作业工艺与装备,有着不可替代的优势,使其在钻井、采油等应用领域得到了飞速发展,与连续油管作业工艺相关的力学问题的研究也在迅速跟进.连续油管向滚筒上缠绕的过程属于弹塑性的拉弯大变形问题,通过虚功形式的动力学普遍方程,得到将连续油管缠绕于滚筒时需要施加在滚筒上的扭矩和驱动液马达的输出功率,发现作用在滚筒上的扭矩与连续油管所受的轴向拉力之间近似呈线性关系.利用弹塑性理论分析了缠绕在滚筒上的连续油管在卸除拉力和弯矩后的力学行为,证明了连续油管在弹塑性卸载过程中不会发生反向屈曲,而且拉力的作用有助于减小回弹,卸载回弹后连续油管的曲率半径随着拉力的增大而单调下降.因此连续油管缠绕上滚筒后一直要保持弯矩,以避免回弹乱管.     

Frictional Pressure Drop of Air Non‐Newtonian Liquid Flow through Helical Coils in Horizontal Orientation

Investigations have been carried out to evaluate the two‐phase frictional pressure drop for air non‐Newtonian liquid flow through helical coils in horizontal orientation. The experiments performed using 36 different helical coils and 4 different concentrations of sodium salt of carboxymethyl—cellulose (SCMC) as non‐Newtonian liquids. The effects of air and liquid flow rate, coil diameter, helix angle and liquid properties‐ on two‐phase frictional pressure drop have been discussed. An attempt has been made to fit the experimental two‐phase frictional pressure drop data by the Lockhart and Martinelli, Chem. Eng. Prog. 45 , 39–48 (1949) correlation and the modified Lockhart‐Martinelli correlation as presented by different authors. In another approach, friction factor method was adopted to correlate the experimental data by dimensional analysis. The correlation developed predicts the two‐phase frictional pressure drop with acceptable statistical accuracy.     

油管传输射孔引爆系统研究及改进

文章通过对油管传输射孔管柱的分析与研究,找到了该管柱不能承受高压或压力恢复慢的原因--环空加压引爆系统密封部分设计不够合理,并对此进行改进设计.改进后,环空加压引爆系统承受密封压力达到70Mpa以上,并可进行地面试压.经多口井使用,不渗不漏,取得合格的地层测试资料.     

带压作业油管接箍探测仪的研制

研制的带压作业油管接箍探测仪主要由传感器、报警器、激磁器等部分组成。它利用油管接箍通过时对激磁器与传感器构成的稳定磁场的扰动行为,触发传感器发出脉冲信号并传递给报警器,报警器将信号处理后发出声光报警,为工作人员进行下一步的操作提供控制指令。现场应用证明:采用油管接箍探测仪可以使环形胶心工作寿命延长2倍,仅此一项,每年可节约成本84万元,取得了很好的经济效益;接箍探测仪的使用,提高了带压作业操作过程的安全性和可靠性,使生产效率大大提高;同时为带压作业实现自动控制奠定了一定基础,具有良好的推广应用前景。     

接箍夹紧变形测量与内壁圆度误差控制

油管接箍是典型的薄壁工件,在加工过程中,因夹紧力过大常造成接箍内壁螺纹圆度误差超差。为此,设计了3个传感器均布的测量方法。该方法利用3点误差分离法中的谐波抑制现象,运用NI的数据采集卡和Labview程序测量接箍在三爪卡盘下的夹紧变形量,分析夹紧变形量对加工后工件圆度的影响,得到夹紧变形量必须小于工件圆度公差要求的结论。实验结果表明,3点均布传感器的测量方法可靠,加工后接箍内壁的圆度误差和加工前的夹紧变形量基本相等。     

无油管固井技术在后五家户浅层气开发中的应用

在分析后五家户地区元油管固井存在的难点的基础上，通过采用低温早强水泥浆体系以及针对性的工艺技术措施，有效解决了该区浅层气开发井φ73mm套管的固井难题。在该地区15口井的应用表明，固井合格率100％，优质率80％，而且经济效益非常显著。