移动在线实时绘制技术研究综述

移动在线实时绘制技术受移动互联网发展的驱动,为3维可视化、计算机视觉、虚拟现实、增强现实、扩展现实和元宇宙等新兴研究领域提供了核心技术的支撑。本文以在线实时绘制技术为切入点,探讨了该技术在移动端、Web端、云端和多端协同这4类平台下的发展重心和研究现状,并深度阐述了工业级在线云平台的实施方案。首先,针对移动端的在线实时绘制,分析了近年来移动端绘制硬件构架设计的优化方向;探讨了在功耗和带宽受到制约的情况下移动端如何对渲染算法进行加速,如何对高功耗的光线跟踪算法进行优化;列举了包括图形应用程序编程接口(application programming interface,API)和游戏引擎在内的移动端渲染工具。然后,针对Web端在线实时绘制,分析了Web端的3D渲染机制,梳理了以3D场景的轻量化预处理、大规模3D场景的细粒度化网络传输、3D场景的对等传输以及Web3D在线特效渲染为代表的Web端在线绘制的关键技术(尤其面向大规模3D场景),列举了国内外知名Web3D引擎并探讨了主流游戏引擎对Web3D应用的支持。再后,针对云端在线实时绘制,从应用托管、资源调度和串流这三大云平台的核心功能入手,调研了以串流应用优化技术为核心的在线云绘制现状。此后,从多端绘制任务分摊机制入手,分析了以“端云”协同和“端边云”协同为目标的在线多端协同绘制的发展。最后,以当前工业级在线云绘制平台为研究对象,分析了包括微软、英伟达、Unity、酷家乐等一线云绘制企业的在线实时云绘制平台方案,验证了移动在线绘制技术在工业界的实用性。     

基于社会关系感知的边缘网络缓存策略

针对当前的边缘缓存策略存在的传输时延高、对较小区域中用户社会关系感知不足的问题,结合热点内容平均流行度和用户兴趣度,提出基于社会关系感知的边缘缓存策略.首先,根据热点内容平均流行度和用户兴趣度,估算用户需求,用户需求相似度反映了用户的社交关系强度;然后,依据用户的关系强度选择用户作为辅助缓存位置;最后,综合考虑缓存位置的选取和用户需求的选择,设计了基站协作缓存、用户辅助缓存的联合缓存策略.仿真实验表明,所提缓存策略相比较于传统的缓存策略在缓存命中率和系统缓存时延上均有一定的提升.     

Industrial renewal within the construction network

The construction business network is generally seen as conservative and non-innovative, for which a number of reasons have been identified. One of these reasons relates to the special inter-organizational setting that exists within the industry. The starting point of our study was to investigate whether there is any truth in this perceived lack of innovation. One reason for the industry’s bad reputation could be that the way innovation generally is defined and measured is unsuitable for the construction business. Therefore, renewal was used as the central concept of change in our investigation. The second issue concerns factors that either assist or impede renewal, and the ambition was to identify those factors driving, as well as those hindering renewal. In order to identify the degree of renewal, as well as the factors affecting it, we conducted a survey of Swedish construction companies. The resulting picture shows a clear connection between the inter-organizational interfaces within the industry and how renewal takes place. The total renewal activity is on a considerable level with more than 60% having made changes visible from the customer’s point of view. The most active interface is also in relation to customers, while the relationship to suppliers generally is more distant. Finally, the project focus which characterizes the industry affects what type of renewal takes place, and exposes the lack of knowledge transfer between individual projects and actors as an important hindrance to renewal in the construction network.     

Challenges for integrated design (ID) in sustainable buildings

It is often argued that integrated design (ID) is a powerful way to enhance collaboration in construction projects. This collaboration is seen as a way of improving innovation to create more sustainable buildings. Contrary to the traditional silo-type and linear design process, ID is based on upfront stakeholder involvement and a holistic approach to project decision-making. Although ID’s premises are theoretically-founded, a close empirical look at its practices shows that numerous challenges compromise its results and efficiency. This study examines the ID process through an iterative process that includes the construction of a conceptual framework and its empirical validation. We examine three green construction projects in Canada. Based on the analysis of 26 interviews with key project stakeholders and more than 198 construction documents, the study assembles – and ultimately applies – a multi-lens framework based on four themes: the fragmented nature of construction; risk perception; stakeholders’ commitment; and efficiency in the design process. Results show that three tensions arise in ID practices: between collaboration and process efficiency, between short-term and long-term goals, and between integrated methods and traditional ones. The study sheds light on ID limits and reveals how stakeholders can improve their interactions to design more sustainable buildings.     

基于人机协作的幕墙安装机械手末端随动坐标系的解算方法

针对幕墙安装助力机械人机协作的操作特性,对一种新型的幕墙安装机械手进行了相关技术的研究。对该幕墙安装机械手进行了运动学分析,并将末端位姿实时变化的力传感器随动坐标系与机械手本体基坐标系建立了联系。提供了一种力的解算方法,并加入了重力及其力矩补偿,为幕墙安装机械手整个人机协作控制系统的搭建提供了依据。     

加强氢能和燃料电池研究的国际合作——第三届广州国际燃料电池会议回顾

介绍了第三届广州国际燃料电池会议的情况,150多人参加了会议,提交了论文89篇。会议期间召开了中英双边座谈会。本次会议对加强国际合作起了重要作用。     

面向资源共享与协作的仪器设备网格

仪器设备的全面共享与协作是当今科学研究快速发展的必然要求.网格技术的出现,为实现仪器设备的深层次共享与协作带来了新的思路和可能.本文概述网格的基本概念、特点及应用,总结国内外仪器设备网格的研究现状及其关键技术,在此基础上.尝试对仪器设备网格资源共享与协作的发展及应用前景做出展望.     

基于轻量化智能的多机协同SLAM系统

视觉多机协同即时定位与地图构建(SLAM)主要以相机作为传感器,并通过多机器人合作实现定位与建图。然而,在面对复杂环境时前端计算量过大,易导致整体系统精度不理想。启发于REVO和SVO算法的轻量化特点,提出一种基于轻量化智能的多机协同SLAM系统,旨在降低前端计算资源的同时提升系统可扩展性。提出改进REVO算法—L-REVO,通过轻量化改进实现前端实时运行;将L-REVO融合CCMSLAM系统后端,提出一种完整的多机协同SLAM架构;调整前端传感器和算法,分别验证前端为同构或异构时对系统性能的影响。在公开数据集TUM上,相比CCMSLAM系统,该系统两种模式下定位精度分别提高了59.4%和31.6%,能效比提升了8倍。最后,将该系统用于室内场景实验,前端功耗仅1.43 W,验证了所提系统的可行性和有效性。     

基于角色和规则的工作流模型研究

工作流是业务过程的全部或者部分自动执行.将业务过程进行抽象建立过程模型是工作流管理的第一步.以活动为中心的工作流管理系统过于强调执行的过程,忽略了流程管理中的主动因素--角色.主要以角色为中心建立业务流程的一元模型,通过角色的交互实现业务目标.角色之间的关联以及交互顺序通过ECAA规则来控制.规则的管理由规则引擎单独管理,角色之间的消息由规则引擎处理之后进行转发.     

北京2022年冬奥会和冬残奥会火炬传递机器人

面向北京冬奥会对机器人跨域火炬传递的需求,研发水陆两栖机器人、水下变结构机器人、空中飞行机器人、地面机器人、冰雪面六足机器人和助力外骨骼机器人等6型面向火炬接力的系列机器人,利用这些机器人可在地面、空中和水下完成火炬传递。最终,根据北京2022年冬奥会火炬接力路线方案的调整,将水陆两栖机器人、水下变结构机器人和水下特种火炬应用于北京2022年冬奥会火炬传递活动中,实现了奥运史上首次机器人与机器人之间的水下火炬传递;助力外骨骼机器人应用于北京2022年冬残奥会火炬传递活动中,残疾人代表使用下肢助力外骨骼进行了火种汇集,两位残疾人火炬手分别借助上肢和下肢助力外骨骼机器人一起进行了火炬传递,传递出“科技改变生活”的理念,体现出“技术温暖人心”的精神。