微孔结构对PMI泡沫准静态压缩性能的影响

基于BBC点集建立了聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI)闭孔泡沫的Kelvin十四面体模型和Laguerre模型,并采用有限元方法研究了其在准静态载荷作用下的压缩性能。分析了孔径大小、泡孔体积离散系数对压缩弹性模量、初始峰值应力和能量吸收能力的影响。结果表明:Kelvin十四面体模型可以较好地预测PMI泡沫的压缩弹性模量和峰值应力;在相同相对密度条件下,小孔径泡沫的初始峰值应力和能量吸收能力均高于大孔径泡沫,而压缩弹性模量则低于大孔径泡沫;随着泡孔体积离散系数的增大,闭孔PMI泡沫压缩弹性模量、初始峰值应力和能量吸收能力均减小。     

7A04铝合金应力腐蚀过程中裂纹萌生和扩展规律研究

为了研究不同拉伸速率对应力腐蚀敏感性及应力腐蚀过程(SCC)中裂纹萌生与扩展规律的影响,本文选用7A04铝合金在3.5%wt NaCl溶液中进行慢应变速率拉伸实验(SSRT),采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、体式显微镜、电化学方法、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)等方法进行研究;提出一种原位预测裂纹萌生和扩张的新方法即相移与电化学阻抗谱相结合的方法来系统研究应力腐蚀过程(SCC)中裂纹萌生和扩展规律.结果表明:当拉伸速率为3.0 um/min时,在3 h附近裂纹开始萌生,在8 h附近裂纹发生明显扩展;通过高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)对裂纹萌生和扩展机理进行研究,验证了新方法的可行性,推测裂纹的萌生和扩展机理可能是由晶界出产生的析出物引起的.     

主动围压下岩石爆炸动态响应数值模拟

针对深部岩石在爆破作用下的失效机理和破坏过程,基于ANSYS/LSDYNA软件,在水平方向和竖直方向进行围压约束来模拟岩石受到的地应力作用。选取单向围压、等值双向围压和非等值双向围压对中心孔爆破下岩石动态响应进行研究。将数值模拟结果与模型实验结果对比,分析爆炸应力波的传播过程,并讨论了不同围压约束对爆炸后裂纹扩展的影响。结果表明,初始围压作用对爆炸应力波的传播影响较小;初始围压会抑制爆破裂纹扩张;竖直方向围压主要抑制水平方向裂纹扩张,水平方向围压主要抑制竖直方向裂纹扩张。     

灰岩和白云岩动态压缩力学性能的SHPB实验

为了得到爆破荷载作用下岩石的破坏特性及爆破振动波的传播特性,利用RMT-150C多功能实验机和改进后的ф50mm的分离式Hopkinson压杆装置,分别研究灰岩和白云岩试件的静态力学特性和在5种不同应变率等级下的动态力学性能。实验结果表明,随着平均应变率的增加,灰岩和白云岩试件的动态抗压强度、峰值应变、吸收能、比能量吸收值以及破碎程度都明显增加,表现出显著的应变率效应,而初始弹性模量对应变率的相关性不敏感。从岩石的动态抗压强度和能量吸收两个方面,对比分析灰岩和白云岩动态力学性能的共性和差异性,更合理地解释了岩石在动态冲击荷载下的破坏本质。     

耐碱玻璃纤维ECC复合材料受压应力–应变关系

为研究耐碱玻璃纤维工程用水泥基复合材料（耐碱玻璃纤维ECC）的抗压性能及应力-应变关系，对33组高性能水泥基材料试件进行了轴压性能试验，分析了纤维掺量、纤维长度及水灰比对耐碱玻璃纤维ECC的受压性能及应力-应变关系的影响，提出了耐碱玻璃纤维ECC受压应力-应变关系计算模型。结果表明，掺入耐碱玻璃纤维可以明显改善水泥基材料在单轴受压状态下的抗裂、受力和变形性能；耐碱玻璃纤维ECC试件抗压强度和变形能力的提升程度与纤维掺量、纤维长度及水灰比有关；随着纤维掺量和长度增加，耐碱玻璃纤维ECC试件的抗压强度和变形能力大致呈递增趋势，但掺量过多会因“团聚”现象明显导致试件抗压强度降低；水灰比主要影响试件的抗压强度，水灰比越大，抗压强度越小；当纤维质量掺量为6.5%、纤维长度为18mm及水灰比为0.32时，碱玻璃纤维ECC的综合力学性能相对较优，其抗压强度和变形能力分别可提升25.6%和88%；提出的应力-应变关系模型的计算值与试验值吻合较好，可用于描述耐碱玻璃纤维ECC的受压破坏全过程。     

Bending impact on the performance of a flexible Li4Ti5O12-based all-solid-state thin-film battery

The growing demand of flexible electronic devices is increasing the requirements of their power sources. The effect of bending in thin-film batteries is still not well understood. Here, we successfully developed a high active area flexible all-solid-state battery as a model system that consists of thin-film layers of Li₄Ti₅O₁₂, LiPON, and Lithium deposited on a novel flexible ceramic substrate. A systematic study on the bending state and performance of the battery is presented. The battery withstands bending radii of at least 14 mm achieving 70% of the theoretical capacity. Here, we reveal that convex bending has a positive effect on battery capacity showing an average increase of 5.5%, whereas concave bending decreases the capacity by 4% in contrast with recent studies. We show that the change in capacity upon bending may well be associated to the Li-ion diffusion kinetic change through the electrode when different external forces are applied. Finally, an encapsulation scheme is presented allowing sufficient bending of the device and operation for at least 500 cycles in air. The results are meant to improve the understanding of the phenomena present in thin-film batteries while undergoing bending rather than showing improvements in battery performance and lifetime.     

The effect of small dose of topiroxostat on serum uric acid in patients receiving hemodialysis

Introduction : Topiroxostat, a recently developed xanthine oxidase inhibitor, is expected to have fewer adverse effects than allopurinol because it has different mechanism of action from alloprinol. However, its dosage, usage and safety have not been established in patients with impaired renal function or those undergoing dialysis at the development since no studies was conducted in these patients. Methods : Cross over clinical trial using 3 months of allopurinol and topiroxostat on 27 maintain Japanese HD patients were carried out. The effects on oxidative stress status of both drugs were also evaluated by measuring oxidation reduction potential. Findings : Twenty‐five of twenty‐seven patients completed study. The mean serum uric acid levels in the topiroxostat‐treated arm was significantly lower than it in the allopurinol‐treated arm time‐dependently (P < 0.0001). Corrected oxidative stress ratio defined as biological antioxidant potential/diacron reactive oxygen metabolites was significantly increased in topiroxostat‐arm (*P = 0.0035), but not in allopurinol‐arm (P = 0.1429). No significant difference was seen in diacron reactive oxygen metabolites, biological antioxidant potential, static oxidation‐reduction potential, and capacity oxidation‐reduction potential between pre and post treatment of both drugs. Discussion : It is suggested that a low dose of topiroxostat decreased serum uric acid sufficiently to maintain it below 7.0 mg/dL in patients receiving hemodialysis.     

Silver Nanoflower Decorated Graphene Oxide Sponges for Highly Sensitive Variable Stiffness Stress Sensors

Soft conductive materials should enable large deformation while keeping high electrical conductivity and elasticity. The graphene oxide (GO)‐based sponge is a potential candidate to endow large deformation. However, it typically exhibits low conductivity and elasticity. Here, the highly conductive and elastic sponge composed of GO, flower‐shaped silver nanoparticles (AgNFs), and polyimide (GO‐AgNF‐PI sponge) are demonstrated. The average pore size and porosity are 114 µm and 94.7%, respectively. Ag NFs have thin petals (8–20 nm) protruding out of the surface of a spherical bud (300–350 nm) significantly enhancing the specific surface area (2.83 m² g^?1). The electrical conductivity (0.306 S m^?1 at 0% strain) of the GO‐AgNF‐PI sponge is increased by more than an order of magnitude with the addition of Ag NFs. A nearly perfect elasticity is obtained over a wide compressive strain range (0–90%). The strain‐dependent, nonlinear variation of Young's modulus of the sponge provides a unique opportunity as a variable stiffness stress sensor that operates over a wide stress range (0–10 kPa) with a high maximum sensitivity (0.572 kPa^?1). It allows grasping of a soft rose and a hard bottle, with the minimal object deformation, when attached on the finger of a robot gripper.     

钛合金双态组织高温拉伸行为的晶体塑性有限元研究

创建一个包含多变体结构特征的双态组织几何模型,提出一种变形协调性的评估方法,采用以率相关滑移为主的晶体塑性有限元本构关系,研究了具有不同组织特征的Ti-6Al-4V合金双态组织的高温拉伸行为。结果表明：在多晶变形过程中,α_p相承载了更多的应变;在变形后的样品中,出现了大致对称分布于拉伸方向两侧的高应变交叉条带;存在于α_p与β_T之间的包围结构特征,可加剧局域应变分配的差异;随着α_p相体积分数的升高应变量降低,整体应变协调性先较快降低而后平稳;随着α_s片层厚度的增加高应变条带特征弱化,整体应变协调系数升高;含双变体α_s片层团簇结构的β_T组织,其应变协调性低于含单变体和三变体的组织。