AZ91D镁合金表面环保型钙系磷化膜的制备及其耐蚀性

采用化学转化处理的方法,在AZ91D镁合金的表面制备了均匀致密的钙系磷化膜,其中磷化液配方中不含铬、氟及亚硝酸盐等对环境有害的离子。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪研究了磷化时间及温度对磷化膜结构和相组成的影响。结果表明:磷化时间为20min,磷化温度为40℃时,所得到的磷化膜的致密性和均匀性较好。与空白基体相比,经磷化处理后的镁合金在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能明显提高。     

宽厚板坯连铸结晶器铜板的热流密度分布与热分析

基于热电偶对邯钢宽厚板坯连铸结晶器铜板的温度实测,构建其有限元传热模型与非线性估算热流密度模型。采取模型反算的结果获得铜板的热流密度,并且与热平衡方法计算出的平均热流密度做对比,论证模型的有效性,确定铜板宽、窄面的热流密度公式,同时对铜板进行温度分布分析。铜板热面、冷面的温度曲线均呈波浪状分布,热面的温度变化较为平缓,冷面有最大29.4℃的温差。铜板的温度随至弯月面的距离的增大而减小,但在结晶器出口区域出现23℃的回温。     

管道承压能力逆转原因探讨

比较了金属材料中短裂纹与长裂纹的扩展差异,短裂纹的扩展表现为裂纹的群体行为,短裂纹不仅会在应力作用下发生扩展,而且裂纹之间还有相互作用,相邻裂纹会在扩展的基础上发生合并,形成主导裂纹,而长裂纹的扩展表现为裂纹的个体行为.管道在制造、运输、敷设过程中产生的裂纹和缺陷是产生"承压能力逆转"的原因.用断裂力学中裂纹扩展的原理分析和研究了管道产生"承压能力逆转"的过程,并提出了相应的防范措施.     

涌潮冲击排桩式丁坝的数值模拟

为了研究钱塘江排桩式丁坝在涌潮作用下的受力机理,对涌潮冲击排桩式丁坝进行了数值模拟,采用标准κ ε紊流模型和体积函数法(VOF)追踪自由水面的方法,得出了丁坝附近的流场分布和自由水面的位置,揭示了丁坝上的涌潮压力在时间和空间上的变化规律：（1）当涌潮冲击丁坝时,涌潮压力急剧增大,约2 s后涌潮压力达到最大值,之后,有一段下降的过程,随后出现较小幅度的振荡,最后涌潮压力趋于稳定,并且在垂直方向上各高程处的涌潮压力最大值基本出现在同一时刻;（2）在潮前水位以上丁坝上的涌潮压力呈梯形分布,而在潮前水位以下丁坝上的涌潮压力随深度基本保持不变,呈矩形分布.     

振动流化床床层压降理论分析与实验研究

从振动流化床床层压降的物理意义出发,得出了振动流化床床层压降模型。提出振动流化床床层压降-流速曲线上存在第一、第二流化段,相应速度为第一、第二临界流化速度。并在二维振动流化床内,以不同粒径的玻璃珠为床料进行了实验研究,分析了振动及其它操作条件对床层压降的影响,并将模型计算得到的压降与实验结果进行了比较,结果表明模型预测与实验结果有较好的一致性。实验关联了振动能量传递系数的数学表达式,得到第一、第二临界流化速度时床层压降,并与其他研究者的结果进行了对比分析,结果显示本文的模型能得到更为可靠的预测结果。     

5Cr套管钢在不同CO2分压下高温高压腐蚀特性研究

为了研究5Cr套管钢在不同CO₂分压下的腐蚀特性,进行了5Cr套管钢高温高压腐蚀失重和高温高压电化学试验,并采用XRD、SEM和EDS等手段对其腐蚀产物进行微观分析。结果表明,在高温高压腐蚀环境下随着CO₂分压从低到高,其表面点蚀坑的深度和直径均无明显变化,而点蚀速率则出现逐渐减小的趋势;其腐蚀产物膜由Cr(OH)₃、FeCO₃和CaCO₃共同组成,且随着CO₂分压的升高Cr的富集量逐渐增加;在电化学测试中,随着CO₂分压的不断升高,5Cr套管钢表现出半钝化特征,产物膜逐渐增厚且致密,且极化电阻逐渐增大,阳极反应受到抑制,电化学反应阻力增大,其抗局部腐蚀能力不断提高。     

环氧类玻璃高分子材料的热回收性能研究

采用动态交联技术制备了环氧类玻璃高分子材料（EPV）,将其制得的片材在不同模压条件下进行重复加工,考察了模压温度、模压时间和模压压力对EPV回收材料性能的影响。结果表明：重复加工没有造成EPV回收材料的降解;模压温度越高,模压时间越长,模压压力越大,越有利于EPV的愈合和重塑;在模压温度为180℃,模压压力为20 MPa,模压时间为10 min的较佳条件下,重复加工的EPV回收材料力学性能与初始EPV片材的接近。     

Cu-Al-Mn-Zn-Zr记忆合金的显微组织与力学行为

利用金相显微镜、透射电镜、扫描电镜观察和力学性能测试等手段研究了Cu—18．4A1—8．7Mn—3．4Zn—0．1Zr(摩尔分数，％)记亿合金(多晶)在不同温度与组织下变形时的力学行为。实验合金在不同温度下变形时延伸率不同，变形温度(Td)在Ms与Af之间时的延伸率小于变形温度(Td)高于Af时的延伸率。对实验合金施加应力时，最初的变形主要来自应力诱发马氏体，继而发生马氏体变体择优合并，二者对合金的变形都有贡献；变形量更大时，变体界面共格性被破坏，部分马氏体丧失热弹性。少量α相的析出不影响记忆效应，可使延伸率得以提高。     

Comparing Efficiency per Volume of Uniflow Cyclones and Standard Cyclones

A competitive alternative to the standard reverse flow cyclone for gas-solids separation is the uniflow cyclone. Gas and particles passing through it in only one direction, allowing a cost-effective usage in space limited applications. Comprehensive studies of uniflow cyclones have strongly improved their understanding and led to approved design criteria and calculation methods. Here it is shown that uniflow cyclones can achieve higher efficiencies per volume with a low pressure drop than standard cyclones.     

Experimental investigation on evaporation interface temperature and evaporation rate of water in its own vapor at low pressures

Evaporative phase transitions are widely present in industrial production and daily life such as thin film processes and crystal growth. The evaporation of the liquid layer and the thermocapillary convection affect each other and restrict each other, making the energy transfer mechanism of the evaporation interface very complicated. To understand the evaporation characteristics of water in its low-pressure pure vapor environment, a series of experimental studies were carried out on the temperature distributions and evaporating rate of water evaporation in the annular pool. The cylinder temperature of the annular liquid pool is controlled between 3℃ and 15℃, and the evaporation environment pressure ranges from 394 Pa to 1467 Pa, when the temperature measurement starts, the depth of water is 10 mm. The results show that the temperature of the vapor side on the liquid-vapor interface is higher than that of the liquid side and there is an obvious temperature jump across the vapor-liquid interface. With the decrease of the pressure ratio, the evaporation rate increases, and the interface temperature jump is enlarged. Meanwhile, with the increase of the distance from the cylinder, the local evaporation rate decreases, thus, the temperature jump decreases. At the same pressure ratio, as the cylinder temperature increases, the heat flux from vapor side decreases, the temperature jump decreases at all measurement points. Within the experimental controlled parameters, the maximum temperature jump obtained in the measurements is 2.56℃. Due to the coupling effect of evaporation cooling and thermocapillary convection, there is a uniform temperature layer with a thickness of about 2 mm under the evaporation interface. The thickness of the uniform temperature layer near the cylinder is always larger than that in the middle of the evaporation interface. In the uniform temperature layer, the thermocapillary convection induced by radial temperature gradient transfers heat from the cylinder to the liquid-vapor interface to compensate for the latent heat of evaporation. Below the uniform temperature layer, the temperature rises rapidly due to heat conduction and buoyancy convection.