聚合物熔体在圆锥短口模的挤出胀大方程

深入讨论了聚合物熔体在不同长径比、不同角度圆锥短口模的挤出胀大现象及机理，利用生产用挤出机进行不同角度的圆锥短口模实验。结果表明，圆锥短口模挤出过程中，熔体在收敛流道受到拉伸流变，导致强烈的入口弹性效应，表现为熔体在短口模挤出时显著的挤出胀大。理论和实验研究结果进一步表明不同圆锥口模入口角对实验材料表现出有不同的挤出胀大值。     

聚合物熔体在圆锥口型的挤出胀大方程

在聚合物熔体入口收敛流变中引入纯拉伸流变概念，应用张量理论进行了定量分析，导出了一个描述圆锥口型的挤出胀大方程。研究表明，入口收敛拉伸流变，是取合物熔体产生了强烈的弹性形变，导致了较大的挤出物胀大比。     

Drawing non‐layered tidy trees in linear time

The well‐known Reingold–Tilford algorithm produces tidy‐layered drawings of trees: drawings where all nodes at the same depth are vertically aligned. However, when nodes have varying heights, layered drawing may use more vertical space than necessary. A non‐layered drawing of a tree places children at a fixed distance from the parent, thereby giving a more vertically compact drawing. Moreover, non‐layered drawings can also be used to draw trees where the vertical position of each node is given, by adding dummy nodes. In this paper, we present the first linear‐time algorithm for producing non‐layered drawings. Our algorithm is a modification of the Reingold–Tilford algorithm, but the original complexity proof of the Reingold–Tilford algorithm uses an invariant that does not hold for the non‐layered case. We give an alternative proof of the algorithm and its extension to non‐layered drawings. To improve drawings of trees of unbounded degree, extensions to the Reingold–Tilford algorithm have been proposed. These extensions also work in the non‐layered case, but we show that they then cause a O(n²) run‐time. We then propose a modification to these extensions that restores the O(n) run‐time. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Group‐in‐a‐Box Meta‐Layouts for Topological Clusters and Attribute‐Based Groups: Space‐Efficient Visualizations of Network Communities and Their Ties

An important part of network analysis is understanding community structures like topological clusters and attribute‐based groups. Standard approaches for showing communities using colour, shape, rectangular bounding boxes, convex hulls or force‐directed layout algorithms remain valuable, however our Group‐in‐a‐Box meta‐layouts add a fresh strategy for presenting community membership, internal structure and inter‐cluster relationships. This paper extends the basic Group‐in‐a‐Box meta‐layout, which uses a Treemap substrate of rectangular regions whose size is proportional to community size. When there are numerous inter‐community relationships, the proposed extensions help users view them more clearly: (1) the Croissant–Doughnut meta‐layout applies empirically determined rules for box arrangement to improve space utilization while still showing inter‐community relationships, and (2) the Force‐Directed layout arranges community boxes based on their aggregate ties at the cost of additional space. Our free and open source reference implementation in NodeXL includes heuristics to choose what we have found to be the preferable Group‐in‐a‐Box meta‐layout to show networks with varying numbers or sizes of communities. Case study examples, a pilot comparative user preference study (nine participants), and a readability measure‐based evaluation of 309 Twitter networks demonstrate the utility of the proposed meta‐layouts.     

异型材口模挤出三维流动计算机模拟系统

建立了异型材口模挤出三维流动计算机模拟系统的基本框架，介绍了其结构和功能，该系统主要包括前置处理，有限元分析和后置处理三大模块，有限元分析模块又包括对口模内幂律流动的分析模块，粘弹性PTT流体流动的分析模块以及粘弹性PTTI充体三维挤出胀大的分析模块，后置处理主要包括速度场和应力场的后置处理。该系统目前只是一个雏形，经过不断发展和完善，有望成为异型材口模挤出过程模拟的通用分析软件。     

鱼尾型机头中熔体流动的三维流场分析

本文利用ANSYS和MATLAB软件，对鱼尾型片材机头中熔体的速度、压力、剪切应力和粘度的分布进行三维有限元模拟和分析。探知了熔体在流道内的运动规律及特点并分析其原因，对口模设计具有定的指导作用。     

Skeleton-enhanced line drawings for 3D models

We present a novel line drawing approach for 3D models by introducing their skeleton information into the rendering process. Based on the silhouettes of the input 3D models, we first extract feature lines in geometric regions by utilizing their curvature, torsion and view-dependent information. Then, the skeletons of the models are extracted by our newly developed skeleton extraction algorithm. After that, we draw the skeleton-guided lines from non-geometric regions through the skeleton information. These lines are combined with the feature lines to render the final line drawing result using the line optimization. Experimental results show that our algorithm can render line drawings more effectively with enhanced skeletons. The resulting artistic effects can capture the local geometries as well as the global skeletons of the input 3D models.     

以写字本为例辨析Canvas绘图机制的优劣

通过比较SVG和Canvas两种绘图机制,辨析了使用Canvas在网页中绘图方案的优缺点。使用一个在线写字本案例,论述了Canvas捕获用户的鼠标事件根据用户输入来绘图的过程。最后总结了Canvas绘图的特性以及应用前景。     

Structural development and mechanical properties on immiscible and miscible blends from isotactic polypropylene and ethylene-1-hexene copolymers under uniaxial drawing

Isotactic polypropylene and ethylene-1-hexene copolymers containing 32 and 57 mol% of 1-hexene copolymers blends (i-PP/EH32 and i-PP/EH57) were prepared by solution blending, precipitating followed by drying and hot pressing. The two blends were subject to investigation on structure and mechanical properties of these blends under uniaxial drawing. The i-PP/EH32 and i-PP/EH57 represented the immiscible and miscible blends, respectively. The tensile stresses and strains at breaking point of i-PP/EH57 were remarkably higher than those of i-PP/EH32 at room temperature. From wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) measurement, it was observed that the orientation of crystallites occurred early and then propagated gradually up to about drawing ratio 8 because chains of EH57 copolymer were incorporated into the amorphous regions between lamellae of i-PP. In the WAXD patterns of i-PP/EH57, the oriented spot reflections coexsisted with unoriented ring reflections up to draw ratio higher than in pure i-PP. On the other hand, the two-phase structure was observed from TEM and AFM in i-PP/EH32, and on the drawing, separation at the interface between two-phase was observed in i-PP/EH32 even at the low strain.