不同工况下丁腈橡胶的摩擦磨损机理

为了合理选择螺杆泵定子橡胶材料以提高螺杆泵的使用寿命,分析了不同工况下丁腈橡胶与金属配副的摩擦磨损机理.采用MPV-600环块式摩擦磨损试验机对不同炭黑质量分数的丁腈橡胶在变载荷情况下进行摩擦磨损试验,利用体视显微镜观察橡胶磨损后的表面形貌,使用红外光谱仪分析表面官能团变化.试验结果表明:干摩擦情况下,磨损量在一定炭黑质量分数范围内随其增加而减小,磨损机制为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损;水润滑情况下,由于水的润滑及冷却作用,炭黑质量分数适中的橡胶耐磨性最好,磨损机制为磨粒磨损;原油润滑低载荷情况下,磨损量几乎不受炭黑质量分数的影响,而高载荷情况下,炭黑质量分数越高,磨损量越小,其磨损机制以腐蚀磨损为主.     

钣金V形折弯回弹影响因素的有限元分析

在钣金V形折弯成形过程中,回弹对成形精度的影响很大,为此,针对板材的成形和弹复过程进行有限元仿真试验,分析材料性能参数（弹性模量,硬化指数）、板料厚度、模具几何参数（下模具开口宽度,上模具圆角半径）和润滑条件对折弯回弹的影响.仿真结果表明：回弹随弹性模量、硬化指数和板料厚度的增大而显著减小,随下模具开口宽度的增大而增大;上模具圆角半径和润滑条件对折弯回弹的影响较小,回弹随上模具圆角半径与摩擦系数的增大而缓慢减小.研究揭示了影响回弹的主要规律,为提高V形折弯成形精度提供了可靠的依据.     

增效浸渗砂轮的增效机理及其效果

增效浸渗砂轮处理技术是用于解决干式磨削时，磨削精度和磨削质量差，砂轮消耗大等不足的一项应用技术。通过实验研究，分析了增效浸渗砂轮在提高磨削质量和磨削精度，提高砂轮的磨削能力及降低砂轮消耗等方面的增效机理及其效果。     

Additive Manufacturing of Polymer-Based Lubrication

The fast growth of 3D printing technology gives designers many ways to make structures that are hard to see. 3D printing lets you customize complex structures in any way you want and make rapid prototypes of materials. It enables you to simulate things more effectively. So far, experiments with polymer-based lubrication have been done on atomically smooth surfaces, under dynamic conditions, and on the nano- or micro-scale. Polymer-based lubrication in 3D printing has been studied in depth, which has made it possible to make significant, multifunctional 3D structures with microscale accuracy. It is a crucial way to approach lubrication and has sparked much scientific interest. A thorough literature review is done to keep track of the latest advances in 3D printing for structural polymer-based lubrication simulation. The design and lubrication performance quality of bio-inspired, different-sized simulation structures is given much attention. The material requirements, skills, and representative applications of various 3D printing technologies are summarized. The efficient directions for future research in designing and making 3D-printed lubrication structures are also pointed out.     

The Effect of Adhesion on the Rheological and Frictional Behavior of a Confined Lubricant Film

We investigated the rheological and frictional behavior of a model system of lubricated, atomically-smooth, solid surfaces at zero and negative external normal load. The measurements were performed with a surface forces apparatus modified for oscillatory shear. For low deflection amplitudes, and negative loads up to the point when the surfaces jumped apart, the confined liquid layer (0.7 ± 0.2 nm perfluorinated heptaglyme) showed a highly elastic behavior independent of load. In the sliding regime at large amplitudes, the behavior was mostly dissipative but also independent of normal load. The force necessary to separate the surfaces was not affected by any sliding conditions. However, the friction force showed a very pronounced decrease as a consequence of sliding at large amplitudes. Thus, for our system, friction and adhesion are decoupled. We propose a mechanism of in-plane rearrangements of the molecules and explain the shear-induced reduction of friction by the formation of shear-bands.     

沈北、大庆混合油高粘度减压润滑油NMP精制结焦考察

在润滑油NMP加助剂精制过程中经常出现结焦的现象。通过实验确定了测量结焦量的方法,以沈北、大庆混合油减五线脱蜡油为原料,分别对NMP＋油、NMP＋油＋助剂、NMP＋油＋助剂＋水3种体系在常压、0．036MPa、0．019MPa及0．005MPa下,进行结焦量的考察。结果表明,氧气对体系的结焦影响起决定性作用;氧和助剂对结焦有协同作用。氧气对不同体系结焦量影响的顺序从大到小是：剂＋NMP＋油＋水、剂＋NMP＋油、NMP＋油;水对体系的结焦有促进作用。认为解决和防止NMP精制结焦的关键是非临氧操作。     

Cooperative adsorption behavior of fatty acid methyl esters from hexadecane <Emphasis Type="Italic">via</Emphasis> coefficient of friction measurements

The frictional behaviors of methyl oleate (MO), methyl palmitate (MP), methyl laurate (ML), and methyl stearate (MSt) as additives in hexadecane have been examined in a boundary lubrication test regime using steel contacts. It was found that the transient attributes of coefficient of friction (COF)-time spectra are a sensitive measure of adsorption equilibria. Critical additive concentrations were defined and used to perform novel and simple Langmuir analyses that provide an order of adsoprtion energies: MSt>MP>MO≥ML. Application of Langmuir, Temkin, and Frumkin-Fowler-Guggenheim adsorption models via nonlinear fitting of a general cooperative model demonstrates the necessary inclusion of cooperative effects in the applied model. In agreement with the qualitative features of steady-state COF-concentration plots, MSt modeling requires minimal cooperative interaction terms. However, MO, MP, and ML data require large attractive interaction terms to be adequately fitted. Primary adsorption energies calculated via the cooperative model are necessarily decreased, whereas total adsorption energies correlate well with values obtained via critical concentration analyses. These results and comparisons with previous adsorption studies of MO and MSt suggest that primary (ester-surface) and secondary (alkyl-surface) adsorbate-adsorbent, adsorbate-adsorbare, and (free-additive) adsorpt-adsorpt interactions collectively determine both the calculated primary and the cooperative interaction energies.     

The influence of electron beam irradiation,plastic deformation,and re‐irradiation on crystallinity degree,mechanical and sclerometric properties of GUR 1050 used for arthroplasty

The article describes the influence of an electron beam irradiation (I), plastic deformation (D), and re‐irradiation (R) on the properties of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (GUR 1050). It was found that the modification through irradiation entailed a gradual increase in the degree of crystallinity (after irradiation–I). After plastic deformation and re‐irradiation (IDR) the degree of crystallinity decreases which had a direct influence on the mechanical properties. The polymer irradiation only (technique I) resulted in an increase in the maximum stress as compared with the material in the initial state. The application of deformation and re‐irradiation (technique IDR) allowed increasing the deformation resistance by more than 40%. Moreover, the irradiation with an electron beam resulted in the increase in hardness (H) and Young's modulus (E) proportionally to the applied irradiation dose and in the reduction of total indentation work (W_tot) and its components. After deformation and re‐irradiation the polyethylene hardness went down. The application of technique (I) caused an improvement to the material abrasion resistance (reduction of parameter PD–working scratch depth) with the increasing irradiation dose. The introduction of deformation and re‐irradiation did not have a material impact on parameter (PD) increasing at the same time elastic properties of UHMWPE (increase in parameter NPS–elastic recovery). Modification IDR has changed the wear mechanism (β) toward ploughing and has increased the abrasion‐resistance index (W_β) and also significantly reduced the coefficient of friction (μ) of GUR 1050. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43683.     

多孔质机械密封耦合润滑模型与密封性能分析

考虑多孔质材料内密封介质渗流与密封端面润滑液膜间的传质耦合关系,建立了一种多孔质机械密封的流体润滑模型,采用有限单元法求解液膜润滑方程和多孔质内部渗流控制方程,研究了膜厚、渗透率、多孔质环几何参数对密封性能的影响规律,揭示了多孔质机械密封的工作机理。结果表明：多孔质机械密封依靠流体静压效应在密封端面成膜,相较于普通平行端面密封,其液膜承载力和轴向刚度更大;随多孔质渗透率的增大,多孔质机械密封泄漏率和开启力逐渐增大,而液膜刚度逐渐减小;液膜厚度的增大会导致泄漏率的增大和开启力的减小,而液膜刚度先增大后减小,且不同渗透率下的最大刚度分别对应不同的膜厚值。研究结果可为多孔质机械密封的工程设计提供新的思路和理论指导。     

FP60-500型双吸泵的应用及技术改造

针对双吸泵使用中存在的密封与润滑问题,提出用填料枪把泥状软填料用较高压力注射入水泵的填料室代替盘根密封,改机油润滑为润滑脂润滑。此项改造简单易行,减少了停机损失,节约了润滑油,降低了维修成本。