石化设备“漆膜”形成机制与防范

"漆膜"问题近年来成为困扰石化关键动设备润滑维保的重要难题之一。结合石化关键机组的不同特点,探讨"漆膜"的形成机制,分析漆膜的危害和防范方法,提出既要做好日常在用油漆膜的去除,同时也要做好日常润滑管理,才能有效防范机组漆膜故障。     

From a compressible fluid model to new mass conserving cavitation algorithms

This study investigates two algorithms proposed to solve a new cavitation model. This new cavitation model is based on a compressible Reynolds equation in which the density–pressure relation is obtained from a barotropic–isentropic assumption. It can be viewed as an approximation of the Jakobson–Floberg–Olsson/Elrod Adams cavitation model. Two algorithms are proposed to solve it. The first one is explicit and needs an important number of nodes. The second is implicit and can be used for steady-state and unsteady problems. Its implementation is easy and needs only minor modifications for a computer code in which cavitation is ignored. It can also be used to compute the solution of the usual J.F.O./E.A. model. Faster convergence is obtained using a relaxation parameter.     

空间固体润滑材料的研究现状

固体润滑材料以其蒸发率低、耐高低温、抗辐照、耐腐蚀等优点在工作于空间苛刻环境中的器械上得到了广泛的应用。综述了目前常用的层状结构物、软金属、聚合物、无机化合物和复合材料5类固体润滑材料的摩擦学特性、制备工艺和应用情况,指出了我国在空间固体润滑材料研究领域与国外先进水平的主要差距和今后的研究方向。     

织构型水润滑推力轴承软弹流润滑分析及多目标协同优化

目的 提高以水作为润滑介质的织构型非金属推力轴承的润滑性能,为水润滑推力轴承的优化设计提供参考.方法 基于计算流体力学方法建立织构型水润滑推力轴承的流体动压润滑模型,采用双向流固耦合方法计算润滑流场与材料变形之间的相互作用.随后,以承载力最高和摩擦力最低为目标,采用响应曲面与非支配排序遗传算法相结合的多目标协同优化方法,对4种非金属材料的织构型推力轴承进行优化.结果 随着轴承材料弹性模量的降低,轴承内最高压力值逐渐降低,最大变形逐渐增加,且最优织构覆盖率值逐渐减小.当织构覆盖率为20％时,轴承材料对最优织构深度值无明显影响;当织构覆盖率增至40％及以上时,随着轴承材料弹性模量的降低,最优织构深度值逐渐增加.在同一轴承材料下,最优织构参数之间相互影响,随着织构覆盖率的增加,最优织构深度值逐渐增大.对于碳化硅陶瓷和尼龙等弹性模量较大的轴承材料,优化后,轴承内流体最高压力明显提升;对于超高分子量聚乙烯和赛龙等弹性模量较小的轴承材料,优化后,高压区面积明显增大.结论 轴承材料对轴承润滑性能及最优织构参数均有明显影响,且最优织构参数间相互影响.经过对织构型水润滑推力轴承的多目标协同优化,轴承润滑性能明显改善.     

Poly(ether ether ketone)/wrapped graphite nanosheets with poly(ether sulfone) composites: Preparation,mechanical properties,and tribological behavior

Antiwear composites with extraordinary tribological performances and good mechanical/thermal properties were developed by the dispersion of poly(ether sulfone) (PES) wrapped graphite nanosheets (GNSs) inside a poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) matrix via melt blending. The tribological behaviors and the mechanical/thermal properties of the composites were carefully investigated. Compared with pure PEEK and PEEK/GNS composites, the PEEK/wrapped GNS composites exhibited considerable enhancements in those performances; these were attributed to the eliminated layer of PES; this elimination not only eliminated the GNS aggregation inside the PEEK matrix for homogeneous distribution inside the PEEK matrix but also enhanced the interfacial adhesion between the PEEK and wrapped GNSs. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41728.     

Experimental analysis of the influence of pellet shape on single screw extrusion

Extrusion technology is one of the most prominent methods for processing polymers. The shape of polymer pellets plays an important role in conveying solid material through the extruder and thus directly influences the mass flow rate. In the course of this article, the influence of the pellet shape of a polypropylene homopolymer on the processing conditions using a smooth barrel single‐screw extruder is evaluated. Especially the mass flow rate, the melt temperature, and the pressure build up in the barrel are investigated. It can be shown that processing long cylindrical pellets leads to a higher mass flow rate than comparable experiments with virgin pellets or short cylinders. Additionally, screw cool and pull‐out tests, measurements of the external coefficient of friction as well as the bulk density of the different pellet geometries are performed. The interaction of the screw geometry and the pellet shape is found to have the biggest influence. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41716.     

WS_2锂基润滑脂的制备及其摩擦学性能研究

采用95 nm、0.74和1.75μm 3种不同粒径WS2粉体作为添加剂制备了锂基润滑脂,并利用四球摩擦磨损试验机分别考察了其摩擦学性能,采用SEM、EDAX、XPS分析了磨损表面的形貌、元素成分及其化学状态。结果表明,WS2作为润滑脂添加剂具有非常优异的摩擦学性能,其中95 nm粒径WS2粉体表现出的性能最优。研究表明WS2添加剂的润滑作用机理是吸附膜,沉积膜或化学反应膜相互作用的结果,不同润滑状态其作用方式也不同,在中高载荷条件下吸附在摩擦副表层的WS2易发生渗镀现象,并可在亚表层内形成致密的WO3化学反应膜。     

The lubrication effect of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate on the natural temporomandibular cartilage under torsional fretting wear

The aim of this study is to investigate the lubrication of hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) on the condylar cartilage of the temporomandibular joint. The wear behaviour of bovine condyle cartilage was explored against a zirconia ball with different lubrications under torsional fretting mode. The worn cartilage morphologies were observed using scanning electron microscopy and hemotoxylin and eosin staining. The results indicated that HA or CS could significantly lower the friction torque and dissipated energy of fretting interface and reduce the damage of the articular cartilage surface compared to the control (phosphate‐buffered saline). The mixture (HA and CS) could provide better protection for the cartilage layer. Absence of good lubrication in overloading torsional fretting process caused excessive cartilage wear. High concentration and high molecular weight HA or CS acted as good boundary lubricants, and the lubrication effect of their mixture was better due to their synergistic function. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The influence of electron beam irradiation,plastic deformation,and re‐irradiation on crystallinity degree,mechanical and sclerometric properties of GUR 1050 used for arthroplasty

The article describes the influence of an electron beam irradiation (I), plastic deformation (D), and re‐irradiation (R) on the properties of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (GUR 1050). It was found that the modification through irradiation entailed a gradual increase in the degree of crystallinity (after irradiation–I). After plastic deformation and re‐irradiation (IDR) the degree of crystallinity decreases which had a direct influence on the mechanical properties. The polymer irradiation only (technique I) resulted in an increase in the maximum stress as compared with the material in the initial state. The application of deformation and re‐irradiation (technique IDR) allowed increasing the deformation resistance by more than 40%. Moreover, the irradiation with an electron beam resulted in the increase in hardness (H) and Young's modulus (E) proportionally to the applied irradiation dose and in the reduction of total indentation work (W_tot) and its components. After deformation and re‐irradiation the polyethylene hardness went down. The application of technique (I) caused an improvement to the material abrasion resistance (reduction of parameter PD–working scratch depth) with the increasing irradiation dose. The introduction of deformation and re‐irradiation did not have a material impact on parameter (PD) increasing at the same time elastic properties of UHMWPE (increase in parameter NPS–elastic recovery). Modification IDR has changed the wear mechanism (β) toward ploughing and has increased the abrasion‐resistance index (W_β) and also significantly reduced the coefficient of friction (μ) of GUR 1050. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43683.     

Tribological behaviors of carbon series additions reinforced CF/PTFE composites at high speed

The tribological, mechanical, and thermal properties of carbon series additions reinforced CF/PTFE composites at high speed were investigated. In this work, carbon fiber (CF) filled polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) composites, which have excellent tribological properties under normal sliding speed (1.4 m/s), were filled with some carbon materials [graphene (GE), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphite (Gr)] respectively to investigate the tribological properties of CF/PTFE composites at high sliding speed (2.1 and 2.5 m/s). The results reveal that the carbon series additions can improve the friction and anti‐wear performances of CF/PTFE, and GE is the most effective filler. The wear rate of 0.8 wt % GE/CF/PTFE was decreased by 50 ? 55%, 55 ? 60%, 40 ? 45% at 1.4, 2.1, and 2.5 m/s compared with CF/PTFE. SEM study shows GE could be helpful to form smooth and continuous transfer film on the surface of counterparts. Meanwhile, GE can improve its tensile strength and elastic modulus obviously. Thin layer structure of GE could enhance the thermal conductivity, which can be helpful to dissipate heat of CF/PTFE composites wear surface. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43236.