国外陶瓷球加工技术及其应用

主要综述了国外陶瓷球的加工技术，加工陶瓷球使用的设备，研磨介质和研磨料的选择，介绍了陶瓷球及陶瓷球轴承的应用发展概况。     

Alkaline peroxide generation using a novel perforated bipole trickle-bed electrochemical reactor

A novel perforated bipole trickle-bed electrochemical reactor is investigated for the electro-synthesis of alkaline peroxide. The process uses a relatively simple cell configuration in which a single electrolyte flows with oxygen gas in a flow-by graphite felt cathode, sandwiched between a micro-porous diaphragm and a perforated bipolar electrode plate. The graphite felt cathodes are 120 mm high by 25 mm wide and have a thickness of 3.2 mm. The reactor is operated at current densities in the range 1–5 kA m⁻², ca. 800 kPa (abs) pressure and temperature (In/Out) 20–45 °C with one and two-cells. The reactor shows good performance (current efficiency ∼78% at 2 kA m⁻² and a specific energy of 5 kWh per kg of peroxide generated) with peroxide concentrations from 0.02 to 0.15 M in 1 M NaOH.     

多壁碳纳米管与聚(2-乙酰基-5-溴噻吩)复合纳米材料修饰玻碳电极同时检测对苯二酚、邻苯二酚和对甲苯酚

该文利用多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)和聚(2-乙酰基-5-溴噻吩)复合纳米材料修饰电极,用于同时检测对苯二酚(HQ)、邻苯二酚(CC)和对甲苯酚(PC)。通过循环伏安法(CV),示差脉冲伏安法(DPV)和透射电镜(TEM)表征了该复合纳米材料的电化学性能和表面形貌。结果表明该电极对HQ、CC和PC具有较高的灵敏度和选择性。DPV峰电流与HQ、CC和PC的浓度在1.0×10-5～8.0×10-4mol/L,5.0×10-6～5.5×10-4mol/L和5.0×10-6～7.5×10-4mol/L范围内分别呈良好的线性关系,且检测限分别为3.0×10-6 mol/L,1.7×10-6 mol/L和2.0×10-6mol/L。     

环境污染物的电化学处理技术

对电化学技术在环境污染物治理中的应用进行了综述，分析了应用中可能存在的问题，提出了相应的对策。     

电化学消毒法的消毒效果试验

本研究主要是采用自行设计的电化学消毒器对河水及不同含盐量的配水进行了系统的消毒试验，试验结果表明电化学消毒器的消毒效果良好，耗电很低，杀菌率随电流、停留时间和盐度的增加而提高。     

Noise characterization of surface processes of the Li/organic electrolyte interface

The processes occurring in aprotic electrolyte on a lithium electrode in the steady state conditions and under polarization are studied using the method of electrochemical noise characterization. The evidence of the electro-chemical noise measurements on polarized lithium electrodes indicates that the discharge of lithium ions under cathodic polarization, as well as lithium anodic dissolution, is localized under the passive film rather than on its surface. An increase in the polarizing current results in local breakdown of the film; in this case, the electrochemical process emerges on the electrode surface affecting the character of potential fluctuations. The intensity of electrochemical noise significantly increases in the course of cathodic polarization with high currents. The reason is that lithium metal crystals, which are formed under the passive film, perforate the film, and dendrites grow on its surface. The method shows the dependence of electrochemical noise intensity on the nature of the electrolyte and establishes the correlation between the stability of the lithium electrode in the course of cycling and the intensity of fluctuations. This offers an opportunity of using the method of electrochemical noise for screening organic electrolytes for lithium batteries.     

Proton diffusion in γ-manganese dioxide

Deconvolution of the electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) discharge curve has indicated the presence of a number of energetically different reduction processes. This has been used to determine the contribution of each reduction process to the total discharge. Using step potential electrochemical spectroscopy (SPECS), the i-t data were modelled as the sum of the discharge of the individual reduction processes. From this, A√ D for each reduction process as a function of degree of discharge was determined. The maximum A√ D values for each process ranged from 2.3×10⁻² to 4.0×10⁻⁴ cm³ s^−1/2 g⁻¹ values are consistent with previously reported values for A√ D, although in this case we have determined values for the entire compositional range.     

Selective oxidation of pentachlorophenol on diamond electrodes

The influence of electrode potential on pentachlorophenol (PCP) oxidation on boron doped diamond (BDD) electrodes in a 0.1 mol L^–1 Britton–Robinson buffer (pH 5.5) is described. Controlled potential electrolyses were carried at 0.9, 2.0 and 3.0 V vs Ag/AgCl and the solutions analysed by square wave voltammetry, high performance liquid chromatography, chloride ion selective electrode and spectroscopy in the ultraviolet–visible region. At low positive potential (0.9 V), the formation of an adherent film on the electrode surface involving the transference of 1 electron per PCP molecule was observed. The film was identified as the dimer 2,3,4,5,6-pentachloro-4-pentachlorophenoxy-2,5-cyclohexadienone and the current efficiency was as high as 90%. At potentials close to the onset of O₂ evolution (2.0 V), the formation of the corresponding quinone (p-tetrachlorobenzoquinone) was detected at the beginning of the process. This was followed by further oxidation to the hydroxy-benzoquinone with a practically quantitative yield. Electrolyses carried out well into the region of oxygen evolution (3.0 V) lead to the electrochemical combustion of PCP to CO₂ and H₂O as well as to the release into solution of 5 Cl^– ions per PCP molecule destroyed.     

Response surface methodology study on electrochemical adsorption regeneration of water-based drilling fluid waste

ABSTRACT

This study explores an electrochemical adsorption method on the regeneration of aqueous drilling fluid waste. Response surface analysis was applied to investigating the electrochemical factors on the adsorption performance. The response surface polynomial model optimized the preferred electrochemical adsorption conditions with adsorption time of 20 min, spacing electrodes of 5 cm, adsorption concentration of 5% and NaCl concentration of 2 g/L. The model calculated electrochemical adsorption amount of drilling fluid showed only 1.3% deviation from the experimental results. Thus, the model could provide effective support for the device design and application of drilling fluid electrochemical adsorption process.     

Electrochemical micromachining using a solid electrochemical reaction at the metal/β″-Al2O3 microcontact

A simple solid state technique for electrochemical micromachining of metal substrates using a metal ion conductor (Na-β″-Al₂O₃) was proposed. The fundamental solid electrochemical cell consists of a (anode) metal substrate (M = Ag, Cu, Zn, and Pb)/pyramidal Na-β″-Al₂O₃/Ag (cathode) system, where the contact diameter between M/Na-β″-Al₂O₃ was extremely small, on the order of a few micrometer. Under an applied electric field, the metal substrate was electrochemically oxidized to metal ions (Mⁿ⁺) at the M/Na-β″-Al₂O₃ microcontact. These Mⁿ⁺ ions migrated into the Na-β″-Al₂O₃. As a result of continuous electrolysis, the metal substrate was locally consumed at the microcontact, and thus solid state electrochemical micromachining was accomplished. As expected, the machining size or depth depended on the electrolysis conditions (current, operating time) and the apex configuration of pyramidal Na-β″-Al₂O₃. Moreover, the scanning of the Na-β″-Al₂O₃ pyramid during electrolysis produced a fine patterned metal substrate. In the present paper, solid state electrochemical micromachining was performed for several metal substrates, and its advantages and disadvantages vis-a-vis the conventional electrochemical micromachining method are discussed in detail.