电磁屏蔽涂料的发展现状及趋势

电子产品的日益普及使得电磁干扰成为一个突出问题,应用电磁屏蔽涂料是消除电磁干扰简单而有效的方法,本文介绍了电磁屏蔽涂料的组成、效能评价方法、技术思想、存在的问题以及发展趋势。复合型以及水性屏蔽涂料具有广阔的研发前景,高效能、宽频带、寿命长的电磁屏蔽涂料将会受到市场欢迎。     

Conductive Papers Containing Metallized Polyester Fibers for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding

Conductive papers were developed for preventing or reducing electromagnetic interference (EMI), and their shielding efficiency was evaluated. This type of conductive paper consists of wood pulp, synthetic pulp and metallized polyester fibers (0.5–2.0 mm long and 14 m in diameter) whose surfaces are coated with nickel alone (Ni-PET) or copper and nickel double layers (Ni-Cu-PET) by electroless plating. In this report, the effect of the characteristics of these metallized fibers, such as their conductivity, geometry and the concentration of fibers in paper, which lead to high efficiency for shielding effectiveness is discussed. For instance, one of the conductive papers (80 g/m2) which was prepared by mixing 40% Ni-Cu-PET and 60% synthetic polyethylene pulp showed over 40 dB shielding effectiveness between 10 MHz and 1 GHz.     

飞行器电磁窗耐雨蚀复合涂层的制备

研制了电磁窗用耐雨蚀底漆和耐雨蚀面漆，介绍了该配套涂料体系的制备工艺，并列举了其性能指标。讨论了耐雨蚀面漆中聚酯树脂、多元醇和颜料对其性能的影响，施工工艺对耐雨蚀涂层与底涂层之间配套性能的影响。     

Tactile display with tangential and normal skin displacement for robot-assisted surgery

This paper proposes a tactile display providing both shear and normal feedback to the fingertip for generating three-axis tactile feedback during teleoperation of a surgical robot. The display is composed of five balloons actuated by controlling the pneumatic pressure. The implemented display is 18?mm?×?18?mm?×?15?mm. This size is suitable for mounting the display onto the master controls of a surgical robot. The maximum normal and shear displacements are 2 and 1.3?mm, respectively. The proposed tactile display may provide perceivable stimuli to a human finger pad in all five directions: normal, distal, proximal, radial, and ulnar. This paper also reports on the results of psychophysical measurement of the minimum perceivable movement of the developed tactile display for each of the five directions.     

Development of large-scale stacked-type electrostatic actuators for use as artificial muscles

Electrostatic actuators have the advantages of light weight, flexibility, and high energy efficiency, which make them suitable for use as artificial muscles. However, a traditional electrostatic actuator cannot generate long strokes and a high force density at the same time because such actuator would excessively widen the gap between the electrodes because of its structure. This paper presents a newly developed large-scale stacked-type electrostatic actuator (LSEA) intended for use as an artificial muscle for robots. LSEA is a multi-stacked electrostatic actuator that can be linearly contracted by the application of a voltage. It has a unique structure that prevents overextension of the gap between the electrodes. It can therefore generate a large force. The spring characteristics and the relationship between the contractive force and the stroke were experimentally determined. The findings showed that LSEA prevents the overextension of the gap between the electrodes and has a high contraction ratio that is equivalent to that of a mammalian skeletal muscle.     

A virtual actuator and sensor approach for fault tolerant control of LPV systems

In this paper, a fault tolerant control (FTC) strategy using virtual actuators and sensors for linear parameter varying (LPV) systems is proposed. The main idea of this FTC method, initially developed for LTI systems, is to reconfigure the control loop such that the nominal controller could still be used without need of retuning it. The plant with the faulty actuator/sensor is modified adding the virtual actuator/sensor block that masks the actuator/sensor fault. The suggested technique is an active FTC strategy that reconfigures the virtual actuator/sensor on-line taking into account faults and operating point changes. The stability of the reconfigured control loop is guaranteed if the faulty plant is stabilizable/detectable. The LPV virtual actuator/sensor is designed using polytopic LPV techniques and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). A two-tank system simulator is used to assess the performance of the proposed method. In particular, it is shown that the application of the proposed technique results in an improvement, in terms of performance, with respect to the LTI counterpart.     

基于N步不变集的时滞切换系统的饱和控制

构造离散时滞切换系统的不变集,提出基于N步不变集的切换控制器设计方法,估计执行器饱和非线性的吸引域范围。首先,考虑时滞的影响,选取依赖于时滞的Lyapunov函数,构造时滞切换系统的不变集,并将其表达为若干个椭球集的凸组合,椭球集的个数与时滞常数相关。其次,在系统的前N个采样时刻,分别施加不同的饱和约束,求解得到一组椭球集,椭球集的个数与常数N相关,而每一步计算得到的椭球集均为时滞切换系统的不变集。再将N个不变集用一组凸包系数拟合,即可获取较大的吸引域估计。最后,在满足平均驻留时间约束的条件下设计切换律,并设计状态反馈控制器,保证闭环系统渐近稳定。控制器的求解转化为线性矩阵不等式的可行性问题。仿真结果验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。     

压电作动器的动态迟滞建模与H∞鲁棒控制

压电作动器具有率相关动态迟滞非线性特性,给传统建模和控制技术提出了挑战.本文针对压电作动器,提出了一种基于Bouc-Wen的Hammerstein率相关迟滞非线性模型,其中Bouc-Wen模型和线性动态模块分别用于描述系统的静态迟滞非线性特性和率相关特性.同时,构造了一个基于Bouc-Wen模型的迟滞补偿器,将迟滞补偿器与被控对象串联使系统线性化;并建立了不确定性系统模型,提出了一种H∞鲁棒跟踪控制方案,可以实现给定频率范围内单频率和复合频率参考信号的良好跟踪.实验结果表明,所建动态模型具有良好的泛化能力,跟踪控制相对误差小于8%,证明了所提出方法的有效性.     

基于区域权函数理论的多电极电磁流量计电极设计

基于Shercliff权函数提出区域权函数概念,设计多电极电磁流量计,通过测量管道截面不同位置的弦端电压,计算各区域的轴向平均速度,实现速度分布与体积流量的测量。着重研究了流量计电极设计,选取不锈钢平头方案的多电极电磁流量计,对于阀门下游的非轴对称单相流体积流量测量精度高于±1.0%,倾斜管固—液两相流实验证明:该设计对于两相流非轴对称的速度分布测量具备可靠性。     

面向钢轨监测的无线传感器网络网关设计与性能测试

针对我国铁路钢轨实时广域监测的重大需求,通过研究异构无线传感器网络（WSNs）通信技术,设计并实现了一种基于Zig Bee-3G通信的无线传感器网络网关.进行了通信电路设计和电磁兼容设计,并在WinCE操作系统平台上实现了Zig Bee网络与3G网络之间的互联,开发了网关远程维护管理模块.对网关设备分别进行了网络传输性能测试和电磁兼容测试,测试结果表明：此网关传输效率高、抗电磁干扰能力强,能够满足铁路轨道监测现场的应用要求.