大型超市能耗动态模拟研究

建立了大型超市能耗动态模拟的计算模型。以上海某大型超市为例,应用DeST软件模拟和实际调研分析相结合的方法,对该大型超市的全年逐时能耗进行了模拟,并利用模拟结果分析了该大型超市的能耗现状和结构。利用该建筑实测能耗数据对模拟结果进行了验证,表明该计算模型准确合理。     

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON THE HYDRODYNAMIC PERFORMANCES OF A NEW SPAR CONCEPT

Recently, the spar platform concept develops quickly in the offshore oil and gas exploitations, especially in deep and ultra-deep water, owing to its benign motion performance, excellent stability and adaptation to wide range of water depth. Many new spar concepts have been put forward with the purpose of reducing fabrication difficulty and cost, while meeting the requirements of exploitation in the meantime. Based on the aims mentioned above, a new spar concept was presented in this article and its hydrodynamics both in operating and survival conditions was studied by means of numerical simulation. Basic model tests were also conducted to calibrate the numerical approach. Following aspects are highlighted: (1) new spar concept, (2) global performance of the spar concept and (3) mooring line analysis.     

基于需求响应的虚拟电厂多时间尺度优化调度

随着我国不断加快新型电力系统建设,风电、光伏等越来越多的分布式资源大规模并网,但其随机性、波动性及分散性的特点给电力系统带来了多重不确定性。提出了一种考虑价格型需求响应的虚拟电厂多时间尺度优化调度方法,在日内调度模型中引入用户价格型需求响应,对用户负荷进行精准调控;采用基于蒙特卡罗与曼哈顿概率距离的场景生成与削减法处理风光出力、电价不确定性,减少日前日内出力偏差,再结合日前调度构成了多时间尺度优化调度模型,并采用滚动优化得到日内优化调度结果。以湖南某小型虚拟电厂系统进行算例仿真,结果表明,所提多时间尺度优化调度策略能够精确预测风光出力及用户负荷,在有效抑制功率波动的同时保证了系统的经济性。     

成果导向模式的传热学教学改革及实践研究

传热学是建筑环境与能源应用工程专业重要的专业基础类课程。根据工程教育认证要求和成果导向理念,以传热学课程为研究对象,结合近几年课程教学效果及现状,研究了传热学课程的教学目标和目标达成度计算方法;从工程知识、问题分析和研究能力分别开展相应的教学方法改革,注重理论教学联系工程实际,以及学生团队协作和解决复杂工程问题能力的培养;对课程产出效果进行了分析,发现工程知识、问题分析和研究能力课程目标的达成度分别为0.77、0.68和0.8;建立持续改进机制,确保教学改革始终与毕业要求密切结合。研究成果为工程教育认证背景下传热学课程教学改革和课程质量标准修订提供参考。     

Water governance and scalar politics across multiple-boundary river basins: states,catchments and regional powers in the Iberian Peninsula

Karezes (qanats), historically vital sources of water for multiple uses in the driest parts of the world, have been deteriorating over the past five decades. This paper provides a review of the global literature on the status and potential of karezes, and offers country case studies for Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. It offers syntheses of key issues, lessons, options and proposed interventions for re-vitalizing the karez systems. The paper identifies criteria for prioritizing karez systems for rehabilitation and outlines key conditions for their effective functioning and sustainability. The paper suggests that the benefits of restoring karez systems to local communities are large and some systems, such as the Ain Zubaida in the Makkah Al-Mukaramah Region, are of global importance.     

电子设备的电磁兼容结构设计

对于六面体框架结构的电子设备,如果其电磁兼容性要求较高,电磁兼容结构设计至关重要.     

电子战半实物仿真系统

介绍了Windows NT RTX及广播内存网在实时性方面的特点及其软硬件组成,对电子战系统的半实物仿真进行了详细综述,阐明了电子战半实物仿真系统的系统构成,并对系统的各组成部分进行了讨论。     

军用电子元器件的选择和使用

随着武器装备的不断发展, 电子元器件, 尤其是微电子器件在海军装备上的应用越来越广泛, 电子元器件的选择和使用就日益显得重要。本文结合军用电子产品元器件选择和使用的实际情况, 着重就元器件选择和使用过程中的采购、筛选、破坏性物理分析以及失效分析进行了探讨, 给出了元器件的选择和使用准则以及全过程流程图。     

High Temperature Oxidation of FGH96 P/M Superalloy

High temperature oxidation behaviors of FGH96 P/M superalloy have been studied in air at temperatures ranging from 600 to 1000℃. By means of isothermal oxidation testing,X-ray diffraction,SEM(scanning electron microscopy),and EDS(energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) analyses,the oxidation kinetics as well as the composition and morphology of scales were investigated. Thermodynamic calculations were used to explain the oxidation mechanism. The results showed that as the oxidation temperature increased,the oxidation rate,the scale thickness,and scale spallation increased. FGH96 P/M superalloy exhibits good oxidation resistance at temperature below 800℃. The oxidation kinetics follows an approximately parabolic rate law,and the oxide layer was mainly composed of Cr2O3,TiO2,and a little amount of NiCr2O4. The oxidation is controlled by the transmission of chromium,titanium,and oxygen through the oxide scale.     

A Review of Toxicity Mechanism Studies of Electronic Cigarettes on Respiratory System

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have attracted much attention as a new substitute for conventional cigarettes. E-cigarettes are first exposed to the respiratory system after inhalation, and studies on the toxicity mechanisms of e-cigarettes have been reported. Current research shows that e-cigarette exposure may have potentially harmful effects on cells, animals, and humans, while the safety evaluation of the long-term effects of e-cigarette use is still unknown. Similar but not identical to conventional cigarettes, the toxicity mechanisms of e-cigarettes are mainly manifested in oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and DNA damage. This review will summarize the toxicity mechanisms and signal pathways of conventional cigarettes and e-cigarettes concerning the respiratory system, which could give researchers a better understanding and direction on the effects of e-cigarettes on our health.