Does interpersonal psychotherapy protect women from depression in the face of stressful life events?

The present study compared the role of life events in predicting time to index episode onset under conditions of no or variable treatment versus the role of life events in predicting time to recurrence during maintenance interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT). Eighty-three women with recurrent major depression participated in acute IPT treatment followed by 2 years of maintenance IPT. Life events were assessed using contextual interview and rating methods. Cox regression survival analyses indicated that, although severe life events were significantly associated with time to index episode onset, there was little evidence of an association between events experienced during maintenance treatment and time to recurrence. These results provide evidence that IPT may decrease the potency of life events in provoking recurrence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Are animals stuck in time?

People can time travel cognitively because they can remember events having occurred at particular times in the past (episodic memory) and because they can anticipate new events occurring at particular times in the future. The ability to assign points in time to events arises from human development of a sense of time and its accompanying time-keeping technology. The hypothesis is advanced that animals are cognitively stuck in time; that is, they have no sense of time and thus have no episodic memory or ability to anticipate long-range future events. Research on animals' abilities to detect time of day, track short time intervals, remember the order of a sequence of events, and anticipate future events is considered, and it is concluded that the stuck-in-time hypothesis is largely supported by the current evidence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Human Capacity for Growth Through Adversity.

Comments on George Bonanno's article entitled Loss, trauma, and human resilience: Have we underestimated the human capacity to thrive after extremely aversive events? (see record 2004-10043-003). The authors are encouraged by Bonanno's recognition of the human potential for resilience following adversity and his call for psychologists to pay greater attention to this capacity rather than simply focus on psychopathology. This approach parallels recent trends within psychology toward a more "positive psychology," as championed by former American Psychological Association President Martin Seligman. However, it fails to recognize research trends within the traumatic stress literature, which have increasingly pointed toward the capacity not just for resilience but also for people to use aversive events as a springboard for further growth and development. In this comment, the authors argue that the real paradigm shift needed in dealing with loss and trauma is not simply to include resilience (i.e., the absence of psychopathology). Rather, psychologists should seek to develop an understanding of reactions to adversity that explains the full range of reactions, from psychopathology, through resilience, to adversarial growth. Here they review the main points made by Bonanno (2004) within the context of the adversarial growth literature before presenting a brief overview of a new theory of adversarial growth that addresses these salient considerations, explaining the three possible outcomes of psychopathology, resilience, and adversarial growth following loss and trauma. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Crisis decision theory: Decisions in the face of negative events.

How do people respond to negative life events? Crisis decision theory combines the strengths of coping theories with research on decision making to predict the responses people choose under negative circumstances. The theory integrates literatures on coping, health behavior, and decision making, among others, into 3 stages that describe the process of responding to negative events: (a) assessing the severity of the negative event, (b) determining response options, and (c) evaluating response options. The author reviews and organizes the relevant research on factors that shape information processing at each stage and that ultimately predict decisions in the face of negative events. Finally, the author presents a critique of crisis decision theory and discusses areas for future research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology: Stephen A. Maren.

Presents a citation for Stephen Maren, who received the 2001 Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology. "With an ability to move seamlessly between multiple levels of analysis, from cognitive to behavioral to synaptic, Stephen A. Maren has provided important insight into the synaptic mechanisms underlying learning and memory for emotional events." Accompanying the citation are a biography and selected bibliography. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

在艺术史视野中的美术期刊——透过’85思潮的案例观察

’85思潮是一场与期刊类美术传播媒介有多层复杂关系的美术思潮。由于美术期刊的深度介入,’85思潮更显得像是一系列传媒事件的组合,而不是单纯的美术运动。这些期刊所留下的图文信息,也构成了早期中国现代艺术史书写的前文本。对比现有历史文本,观察美术期刊与’85思潮的关系,可以观察到美术期刊在艺术史视野中的地位。     

An inverse‐time low‐impedance protection design for feeders in active distribution networks

One of the major issues associated with active distribution networks (ADNs) is to devise an appropriate protection scheme that works successfully in different operation modes. This paper describes the design of an inverse‐time low‐impedance (ITLI) protection scheme with the aid of the advanced measurement technologies in ADNs. The scheme detects faults and calculates tripping time by using the magnitude ratio of the maximum load impedance to the measured impedance. ITLI protection is immune to varying fault current caused by the flexible operation modes and able to automatically adjust fault‐tripping time according to the fault severity. With the existing communication infrastructures, an event‐triggered adaptive setting scheme updates the settings of ITLI relays in real time. The setting method not only enhances the detecting capability but also provides higher reliability and sensitivity before, during, and after events in ADNs, such as tap position adjustment, DGs fluctuation, and network structure change. Besides, an acceleration method based on the definite‐time grading technique is presented to reduce the impact of infeeds and fault resistance. The effectiveness of the proposed protection scheme is demonstrated in a 12.47‐kV active distribution network established by PSCAD/EMTDC. © 2016 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

深圳南山区“文化遗产绿道”设计研究

深圳南山区曾被誉为“深圳历史文化之根”,文化遗产极为丰富,城市迅速扩展对文化遗产形成巨大冲击。建立“文化遗产绿道”是一种新型历史文化资源保护方法,文章通过对南山区已有绿道进行分析,结合历史文化资源分布特征,构建“文化遗产绿道”,完善补充绿道网络,通过主题段落、艺术介入、活动事件等方式,带动公众参与、促进文化遗产的保护与传承。     

Cutaneous Adverse Events Associated with Interferon-β Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis

Interferons are widely used platform therapies as disease-modifying treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis. Although interferons are usually safe and well tolerated, they frequently cause dermatological side effects. Here, we present a multiple sclerosis (MS) patient treated with interferon-β who developed new-onset psoriasis. Both her MS as well as her psoriasis finally responded to treatment with fumarates. This case illustrates that interferons not only cause local but also systemic adverse events of the skin. These systemic side effects might indicate that the Th17/IL-17 axis plays a prominent role in the immunopathogenesis of this individual case and that the autoimmune process might be deteriorated by further administration of interferons. In conclusion, we think that neurologists should be aware of systemic cutaneous side effects and have a closer look on interferon-associated skin lesions. Detection of psoriasiform lesions might indicate that interferons are probably not beneficial in the individual situation. We suggest that skin lesions may serve as biomarkers to allocate MS patients to adequate disease-modifying drugs.     

Temporal variability of nitrate transport through hydrological response during flood events within a large agricultural catchment in south-west France

The temporal variability of nitrate transport was monitored continuously in a large agricultural catchment, the 1110 km² Save catchment in south-west France, from January 2007 to June 2009. The overall aim was to analyse the temporal transport of nitrate through hydrological response during flood events in the catchment. Nitrate loads and hysteresis were also analysed and the relationships between nitrate and hydro-climatological variables within flood events were determined. During the study period, 19 flood events were analysed using extensive datasets obtained by manual and automatic sampling. The maximum NO₃⁻ concentration during flood varied from 8.2 mg l⁻¹ to 41.1 mg l⁻¹ with flood discharge from 6.75 m³ s⁻¹ to 112.60 m³ s⁻¹. The annual NO₃⁻ loads in 2007 and 2008 amounted to 2514 t and 3047 t, respectively, with average specific yield of 2.5 t km⁻¹² yr⁻¹. The temporal transport of nitrate loads during different seasonal flood events varied from 12 t to 909 t. Nitrate transport during flood events amounted to 1600 t (64% of annual load; 16% of annual duration) in 2007 and 1872 t (62% of annual load; 20% of annual duration) in 2008. The level of peak discharge during flood events did not control peak nitrate concentrations, since similar nitrate peaks were produced by different peak discharges. Statistically strong correlations were found between nitrate transport and total precipitation, flood duration, peak discharge and total water yield. These four variables may be the main factors controlling nitrate export from the Save catchment. The relationship between nitrate and discharge (hysteresis patterns) investigated through flood events in this study was mainly dominated by anticlockwise behaviour.