Traumatic Stress, Perceived Global Stress, and Life Events: Prospectively Predicting Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients.

The authors investigated the relationship between stress at initial cancer diagnosis and treatment and subsequent quality of life (QoL). Women (n = 112) randomized to the assessment-only arm of a clinical trial were initially assessed after breast cancer diagnosis and surgery and then reassessed at 4 months (during adjuvant treatment) and 12 months (postadjuvant treatment). There were 3 types of stress measured: number of stressful life events (K. A. Matthews et al., 1997), cancer-related traumatic stress symptoms (M. J. Horowitz, N. Wilner, & W. Alvarez, 1979), and perceived global stress (S. Cohen, T. Kamarck, & R. Mermelstein, 1983). Using hierarchical multiple regressions, the authors found that stress predicted both psychological and physical QoL (J. E. Ware, K. K. Snow, & M. Kosinski, 2000) at the follow-ups (all ps     

Comparative Optimism About Health and Nonhealth Events in 8- and 9-Year-Old Children.

Comparative optimism has been studied extensively in adults and is a significant component of social- cognitive models about health. In contrast, little is known about comparative optimism in children or about the wider social- cognitive processes that underpin their health-related behavior. This study investigated comparative optimism for health- and nonhealth-related topics in 101 children 8 or 9 years of age, the youngest ages that have been investigated so far. Children were shown to be unrealistically optimistic for health and nonhealth events. The implications of these findings for understanding comparative optimism in children are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

How Does Negative Life Change Following Disaster Response Impact Distress Among Red Cross Responders?

The American Red Cross is the largest nongovernmental organization responding to disasters in the United States. This study investigated the impact of negative life change occurring in the year following the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on levels of distress among 757 Red Cross Disaster Services Human Resources (national disaster team) employees and volunteers who responded to this disaster. Negative life change in the year following disaster response fully mediated the relationship between disaster response and symptoms of depression and partially mediated the responses between disaster response and posttraumatic stress and anxiety symptoms. Results highlight the importance of life experiences in the year following disaster response and, therefore, the education and follow-up services provided to disaster workers prior to and following disaster assignment. Suggestions for monitoring disaster-related stress during and following assignment are provided. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

复杂地质背景中的热释光应用初步研究

采用热释光光子计数的方法初步研究了鄂尔多斯盆地和安徽淮南煤田两种复杂地质背景中的热释光现象。研究结果表明：（1）深度小于1000m的浅表地层岩石标本的天然热释光量没有显著的异常，可以认为是晚第四纪以来的自然放射性效应的累加；（2）在深度2000m以上的地层，钻孔岩石标本的天然热释光统计显著呈现弱化趋势，甚至在4000m深度的岩石已经不具备生长热释光的条件；（3）岩性为石英砂岩的钻孔标本的天然热释光峰温的位置普遍移向高温方向，可以认为是该地层曾经遭受多次热事件作用的结果。     

A Neuro-fuzzy Coding for Processing Incomplete Data: Application to the Classification of Seismic Events

This letter presents a method for modelling and processing incomplete data in connectionist systems. The approach consists in applying a neuro-fuzzy coding to the input data of a neural network. After an introduction to the different kinds of imperfections, we propose a neuro-fuzzy coding in order to take incomplete data into account. We show the efficiency of this coding on the problem of the classification of seismic events. The results show that a neuro-fuzzy coding of the inputs of a neural network increases the performance and classifies incomplete data with little affect on the results.     

用Z语言形式化扩展事件踪迹图

软件体系结构被看成是现代软件技术的重要因素之一 ,而一个软件系统结构的关键就是它可以分解成组件和组件交互的规格说明。扩展事件踪迹图 (ExtendedEventsTraces ,EETs)是一种用来描述组件交互的图形技术 ,它允许我们用图来定义结构中经常发生的交互模型 ,并且在多种上下文中可实例化 ,因而可以重用。虽然EETs的图形表示很直观 ,但是语义不够精确 ,因此 ,在本文中将使用形式规格说明语言Z来形式化EETs。并且 ,给出了形式描述EETs的几个应用例子     

Comparing spatial clustering tests based on rare to common spatial events

This paper compares the performance of three clustering tests––Rogerson R, Getis-Ord G and Lin-Zeng LR-T––using a range of simulated sample distributions from rare to common spatial events. It is shown that all of the tests are sensitive to high value clustering, and all but G are sensitive to low-value clustering. For a spatial pattern exhibiting negative spatial autocorrelation, R is likely to associate the autocorrelation with clustering when sample size is greater than 20, while LR-T and G are unlikely to accept any presence of negative autocorrelation as clustering.     

或有事项的核算技巧

越来越多的或有事项存在于企业的经营活动中，它的潜在性和不确定性，不仅影响会计信息的提供，甚至影响企业的持续经营和发展。文章从或有事项的职业判断、核算原则和具体方法三个方面，阐述了如何把握正确的核算技巧，从而提高会计信息质量。     

Unipolar Depression, Life Context Vulnerabilities, and Drinking to Cope.

This study followed baseline samples of 424 unipolar depressed patients and 424 community controls across 10 years to investigate the association between depression and alcohol-related coping and to examine how life context vulnerabilities underlie the risk for depressed individuals to rely on drinking to cope. Findings supported all hypotheses. Depressed patients engaged in more drinking to cope than did community controls. Within individuals, more negative life events and less family support were associated with more drinking to cope across the 4 observations. Depressed patients experienced more negative life events and less family support than did community controls. These underlying life context vulnerabilities explained the relationship between depressed patient status and drinking to cope. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Assessing Interactive Causal Influence.

The discovery of conjunctive causes--factors that act in concert to produce or prevent an effect--has been explained by purely covariational theories. Such theories assume that concomitant variations in observable events directly license causal inferences, without postulating the existence of unobservable causal relations. This article discusses problems with these theories, proposes a causal-power theory that overcomes the problems, and reports empirical evidence favoring the new theory. Unlike earlier models, the new theory derives (a) the conditions under which covariation implies conjunctive causation and (b) functions relating observable events to unobservable conjunctive causal strength. This psychological theory, which concerns simple cases involving 2 binary candidate causes and a binary effect, raises questions about normative statistics for testing causal hypotheses regarding categorical data resulting from discrete variables. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)