燃煤电厂脱硫废水烟气蒸发特性流场模拟

喷雾液滴蒸发特性是实现电厂脱硫废水零排放烟气蒸发技术的关键。利用数值模拟的方法对气液两相流过程中涉及影响液滴蒸发特性的喷雾液滴平均粒径（分布特征）、传热传质等影响因素进行分析,建立喷雾液滴群烟气蒸发传热传质模型,获得了喷雾液滴群蒸发规律及运动特征。分析结果表明：模拟喷雾粒径情况下,液滴加热迅速,完全蒸发的关键控制步骤取决于液滴表面蒸汽气相组分浓度Ci,s与烟气中蒸汽气相组分浓度Ci,∞的浓度差,相同的烟气蒸发环境下,不同粒径组都呈现出初期快速蒸发和后期缓慢蒸发2个明显的阶段,在相同最大粒径范围下（最大直径100 μm）,细颗粒群（平均粒径24 μm）主体段蒸发时间最短（0.3 s达到80.1%的蒸发质量比）,粗颗粒群（平均粒径84 μm）蒸发质量比最大（0.6 s达到95%的蒸发质量比）。     

柴油-麻疯树生物柴油单液滴蒸发特性试验

为探明柴油-麻疯树生物柴油混合燃料的蒸发过程与机理,达到生物柴油多是与柴油混合用于柴油机缸内稳定燃烧的目的,通过碱性酯交换方法制备生物柴油,并采用热电偶挂滴技术,研究不同掺混比例麻疯树油在环境温度623 K和873 K下的蒸发特性。结果表明:低温下,柴油的液滴寿命为3. 663 s/mm~2,随着麻疯树生物柴油的掺混比例的增大,液滴有较长的蒸发寿命,JME100(纯麻疯树生物柴油)的液滴寿命约为JME10(柴油中混10%的麻疯树生物柴油)液滴寿命的2. 3倍;高温下,寿命最短的柴油液滴和寿命最长JME100液滴的寿命分别为1. 818 s/mm~2和JME100的3. 61 s/mm~2,相比于623 K环境温度明显缩短;同样,混合液滴平均蒸发率k会随着温度的提高而显著增大。     

脱硫废水高效气化途径的研究

为实现脱硫废水的高效气化,采用实验与模拟相结合的方法,建立了烟道内离散液滴运动和气液两相传热传质模型,并通过脱硫废水蒸发实验验证了该模型的有效性,最终获得脱硫废水高效气化途径。结果表明:脱硫废水完全气化长度随烟速的增加先减小后增大,即存在最佳烟速可使得液滴完全气化长度最小,通过调节烟速达到最佳值可实现脱硫废水的高效气化;烟温越高最佳烟速越小,喷液量越大最佳烟速越大。在研究的参数范围内,获得最佳烟速分别与烟温和喷液量之间的定量关系式。     

The effect of ink dilution and evaporation on the microstructures of catalyst layers in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

The microstructures of catalyst layers (CLs) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells determine cell performance and durability. Delicate ink preparation processes and coating/drying processes affect the resulting microstructures including active sites, pore networks, ionomer networks and Pt/C networks. This paper reports our recent experimental observations of the effect of ink dilution and evaporation condition on the microstructures. The microstructures of dried ink droplets are presented and compared among different dilution ratios and different evaporation conditions in terms of the spatial distributions of Pt/C particles, ionomers, and pores. The method through which the microstructures are visualized is also introduced in this paper. It is observed that ink dilution ratio and evaporation condition can significantly alter resulting microstructure patterns through affecting viscosity and particle flow patterns during the evaporation. More concentrated solution makes catalyst inks less spread out on a substrate surface, leading to larger droplet height and larger contact angle. Ambient relative humidity has a significant impact on catalyst deposition patterns. Under low relative humidity condition, catalyst particles are concentrated both near the central and the periphery of the droplet; while under high relative humidity, the central part is uniform, and the particles move towards the edge of the deposition, forming a stripe‐like structure. This indicates that ink dilution and evaporation is key to the CL microstructure formation and must be properly controlled in order to obtain the quality and consistency of the CLs in fabrication.     

平落富钾地下卤水50℃等温蒸发实验

平落富钾地下卤水除富含高浓度的K、B外,Br、Li、Rb等有用组分含量也很高。实验研究了该卤水在50℃等温蒸发过程中离子的富集规律及析盐规律,为综合利用该卤水提供理论依据。实验结果表明:在蒸失率为3.5%时氯化钠开始析出且在整个蒸发过程中都大量析出;钾在蒸失率为51%时以氯化钾的形式开始大量析出,在蒸失率为60%时氯化钾在固相中的含量高达38%;硼酸钠在蒸失率为87%时才开始大量析出,大部分硼都赋存于老卤中。整个蒸发过程中该卤水的析盐规律为:首先析出氯化钠,再析出氯化钾,最后析出硼酸钠。     

化学整理纯棉针织物的汗液蒸发性能

化学整理会对纯棉针织物水分蒸发性能产生影响。通过研究化学整理过程中化学品种类和用量对蒸发率的影响,以及影响纺织品蒸发率的因素,发现亲水整理织物的蒸发率与经纬向垂直芯吸高度的乘积成线性关系,拒水整理织物的蒸发性能与待蒸发液体面积成线性关系。     

The Effect of Water Spray upon Incineration Flue Gas Clean—up

horoductionThe rapid increase Of municipal solid waste (MSW)generation in recent decades has resulted in huge pilesof wastes in China especially in its south-east and otherareas of dense population and fast economy developing.Due to the land occupation and air commitment, it hasinduced throat to the further development of theseconcerned areas. Effective MSW managementtechnology must be developed, therefore, to removethese MSW piles, and the incineration technologywould be the most Prospect…     

常压开式循环太阳能海水淡化装置研究

提出一种开放式循环太阳能海水淡化系统,热力学效率和得水率是反映该系统能量利用程度及淡水产量和能耗关系的综合性指标,受加热、蒸发和冷凝三个环节制约,对诸多参数进行了分析,表明蒸发器入口海水温度和冷却水温度是影响系统性能的最重要两个参数,为改进系统性能和进行优化设计奠定了基础。     

静态闪蒸过程汽泡生长的理论与实验研究

本文针对去离子水静态闪蒸时单汽泡的动态生长过程开展了可视化实验观察及理论分析,研究了过热度和闪蒸腔压力对汽泡生长的影响。理论模型考虑了汽泡成核点附近固体壁面对汽泡生长的影响,通过与实验结果的对比表明,壁面效应对汽泡生长影响显著,尤其是汽泡生长速率较小时,引入壁面效应后的理论模型能更好的与实验结果相吻合。通过分析汽泡生长过程的动力学特征可知,相同闪蒸腔压力但过热度较大时,汽泡生长过程具有较短的表面张力控制阶段,并在过渡阶段和传热控制阶段均具有较大的生长速率;而相同过热度但较小闪蒸腔压力时,汽泡在早期的惯性控制阶段生长速率较小,但在后期的传热控制阶段生长速率较大。     

基于太阳能加热的沼液负压蒸发浓缩研究

研究不同加热方式(电加热或太阳能加热)、不同参数条件下沼液负压蒸发浓缩的效果,比较了不同因素对沼液浓缩的影响.主要研究结果如下:随着真空度、初始pH值或加热温度的升高,蒸发速率逐渐升高,NH3-N和TN的保留率和浓度逐渐降低,TP和TK的养分浓缩效果增强.综合考虑体积浓缩倍数、养分浓缩效果和养分保留率,最优组合取温度8...