面向对象有限元并行计算框架PANDA

为提高我国工程数值模拟软件的开发能力,面向武器工程大规模并行计算需求,基于层次化、模块化及面向对象的现代软件设计技术,分析探讨有限元并行计算框架的设计方法,形成初步的基础开发框架PANDA 0.1版;详细描述PANDA框架的层次结构设计,并探讨该基础开发框架设计中的底层网格数据结构设计、有限元共性管理模块及并行策略等部分关键技术;简要介绍PANDA框架的扩展应用方法.研究表明：采用框架技术进行结构力学有限元程序开发,具有高效、快速和便捷等优点.     

商用电热开水器内胆结构优化

为提高商用电热开水器的使用寿命,将开水器水箱壁的变形量作为优化对象,通过变动水箱壁加强筋的位置来获得水箱壁的最小变形量;用ANSYS Workbench建立有限元模型并施加载荷和边界条件,进行结果分析和结构优化;根据最高水位和最低水位情况下变形量的大小与加强筋位置的分析比较,确定加强筋的最佳位置．结果表明经优化后,目标面（有加强筋的正面）的变形量降低29％．     

压电换能器瞬态接收特性的有限元模拟研究

接收信号在压电换能器压电层中的多次反射及波形转换对超声检测的灵敏度和分辨率有重要影响,如何优化阻尼结构与材料参数是提高压电换能器接收性能的关键之一。本文用ANSYS有限元软件中的力-电耦合瞬态模拟方法,研究了压电直探头中阻尼结构的几何尺寸及声阻抗对其瞬态响应的影响,得到了压电换能器中不同时刻的弹性波场、电场分布以及输出电压响应曲线,揭示了换能器瞬态响应产生的多次反射波对其检测灵敏度和分辨率的影响。研究结果表明：通过改进的阻尼结构与材料参数对消减接收信号的多次反射,缩短余振时间具有明显的作用,也可以大大降低换能器的研发周期和成本。     

热传导及其在航天器系统中的计算方法

热传导以及热问题是航天器以及内部有效载荷在工作时必须注意的问题。为了计算出航天器系统的温度分布,进行温度影响的分析,主要研究了热传递过程以及热传递在航天器中的实际数学模型,进行热分析计算的几种数值方法,并对热网络模型计算法和有限元模型计算法做了详细的论述。通过上述方法计算出了整个系统的温度分布,对后续的航天器热控提供了可靠的依据。     

基于扩展数学形态学的车牌定位算法

在汽车牌照识别系统中,车牌定位是整个识别模块实现的前提,目前车牌定位的方法多种多样,各有所长,但存在着计算量大或定位准确率不高等问题。边缘检测是常用的车牌定位方法,边缘检测的质量决定了车牌图像的最终定位结果。一般人们习惯于用基于梯度和基于模板的算子提取边缘,但这类算子都不能很好地滤除噪声,因而给噪声图像边缘检测带来了困难。根据数学形态学原理与方法,提出一种扩展数学形态学车牌图像边缘检测算子,并结合水平和垂直投影进行车牌定位。实验结果表明,该算法不仅能成功提取车牌图像边缘,而且能很好地滤除噪声,从而实现准确车牌定位。     

虚拟计算环境中一种基于惩罚激励的信誉模型

基于信誉构建信任机制是解决虚拟计算环境[1]中行为可信问题的重要途径。现有信誉模型对不良行为的动态适应能力和对信誉信息的有效聚合能力不足,缺乏鼓励节点积极参与诚实合作的有效机制。本文提出一种基于惩罚激励机制的信誉管理模型PERep,根据自主元素行为特征和信誉状态区分交易行为的合作与偏离,并对偏离行为进行惩罚;给出了PERep的分布式实现。实验表明,PERep能准确地区分诚实交易和恶意行为,有效提高自主元素诚实交易的积极性并减少恶意行为的危害。     

Biofidelic child head FE model to simulate real world trauma

Biomechanics of human head has been widely studied since several decades. At a mechanical level, the use of engineering allowed investigating injury mechanisms developing numerical models of adult head. For children, the problem is more difficult and evaluating child injury mechanisms using data obtained from scaling adult injury criteria does not account for differences in morphology and structure between adults and children. During growth, child head undergoes different modifications in morphology and structure. The present paper compares the anthropometry and numerical simulations of a child head model based on medical CT scans to a child head model developed by scaling an adult head model using the method proposed by Mertz [H.J. Mertz, A procedure for normalizing impact response data, SAE paper 840884, 1984]. These analysis point out significant differences showing that scaling down an adult head to obtain a child head does not appear relevant. Biofidelic and specific child geometry is needed to investigate child injury mechanisms.     

Interference automata

We propose a computing model, the Two-Way Optical Interference Automata (2OIA), that makes use of the phenomenon of optical interference. We introduce this model to investigate the increase in power, in terms of language recognition, of a classical Deterministic Finite Automaton (DFA) when endowed with the facility of interference. The question is in the spirit of Two-Way Finite Automata With Quantum and Classical States (2QCFA) [A. Ambainis, J. Watrous, Two-way finite automata with quantum and classical states, Theoret. Comput. Sci. 287 (1) (2002) 299–311] wherein the classical DFA is augmented with a quantum component of constant size. We test the power of 2OIA against the languages mentioned in the above paper. We give efficient 2OIA algorithms to recognize languages for which 2QCFA machines have been shown to exist, as well as languages whose status vis-a-vis 2QCFA has been posed as open questions. Having a DFA as a component, it trivially recognizes regular languages. We show that our model can recognize all languages recognized by 1-way deterministic blind counter automata. Finally we show the existence of a language that cannot be recognized by a 2OIA but which can be recognized by an O(n³)$O\left(n^3\right)$ space Turing machine.     

Reversible computing and cellular automata—A survey

Reversible computing is a paradigm where computing models are defined so that they reflect physical reversibility, one of the fundamental microscopic physical property of Nature. In this survey/tutorial paper, we discuss how computation can be carried out in a reversible system, how a universal reversible computer can be constructed by reversible logic elements, and how such logic elements are related to reversible physical phenomena. We shall see that, in reversible systems, computation can often be carried out in a very different manner from conventional (i.e., irreversible) computing systems, and even very simple reversible systems or logic elements have computation- or logical-universality. We discuss these problems based on reversible logic elements/circuits, reversible Turing machines, reversible cellular automata, and some other related models of reversible computing.     

High-order compact boundary value method for the solution of unsteady convection–diffusion problems

In this paper, we propose a new class of high-order accurate methods for solving the two-dimensional unsteady convection–diffusion equation. These techniques are based on the method of lines approach. We apply a compact finite difference approximation of fourth order for discretizing spatial derivatives and a boundary value method of fourth order for the time integration of the resulted linear system of ordinary differential equations. The proposed method has fourth-order accuracy in both space and time variables. Also this method is unconditionally stable due to the favorable stability property of boundary value methods. Numerical results obtained from solving several problems include problems encounter in many transport phenomena, problems with Gaussian pulse initial condition and problems with sharp discontinuity near the boundary, show that the compact finite difference approximation of fourth order and a boundary value method of fourth order give an efficient algorithm for solving such problems.