封闭空间爆炸载荷特性研究

封闭空间爆炸载荷主要包含瞬态冲击波和持续时间较长的准静态超压。为了研究封闭空间爆炸载荷特性,基于FORTRAN平台,采用三阶WENO有限差分格式编写了爆炸波高精度三维数值计算程序。应用Sod激波管、双爆轰波碰撞等经典算例验证了所开发数值程序的可靠性。在封闭空间内炸药爆炸波数值计算的基础上,基于冲量等效原则提出封闭空间内爆炸载荷简化模型,理论推导给出准静态超压峰值计算公式并通过数值计算结果验证了该公式的可靠性。开发的高精度爆炸波三维数值计算程序及提出的简化载荷模型可用于封闭空间内爆炸载荷的快速计算,为工程抗爆结构设计提供载荷输入。     

基于离散元方法的沥青混合料力链演化及分布量化分析

为了研究沥青混合料内部颗粒间力链的演化及分布规律,以AC-13沥青混合料作为研究对象,利用离散元方法重构沥青混合料数字试件,模拟简单性能试验,提取试件内部颗粒间的力链信息进行力链演化、概率分布和角度分布分析。结果表明,通过比较预测结果和实测结果,基于离散元方法重构的AC-13沥青混合料细观模型用于模拟其细观力学特性是可行的。试件内部力链空间分布具有各向异性,以垂直方向的压力力链为主,承受大部分的半正弦荷载。法向力链概率分布随加载时间的变化规律基本一致,法向接触力与平均法向接触力比值f最小时,概率分布出现最大值,f=1.75时,概率分布再次达到峰值,然后逐渐减小并趋于稳定。法向力链角度分布主要位于90°和270°附近,第一、二象限的角度分布比例远大于第三、四象限,60~120°、30~150°中法向力链角度分布比例均大于70%,最小为72.733%。     

A comparison between wet and cryogenic drilling of CFRP/Ti stacks

This paper compares conventional and cryogenic cooling in the deep hole drilling of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP)/Ti stacks. Various parameters are taken into account to find if the use of cryogenic coolant is justified by the improvement of the final results. Both the thrust and the torque were acquired continuously during the machining operations and compared both in average and distribution. The use of a cryogenic coolant brings a reduction in thrust force and torque without any sensible drawback. Overall the results prove that cryogenic drilling is a suitable technology for CFRP/Ti stack drill.     

Proposal for the simplified design of basement walls under lateral earth pressure

This paper deals with the design of basement walls subjected to lateral earth pressure. The current simplified calculation method according to DIN EN 1996‐3/NA only covers active earth pressure, which is the lower limiting value of the earth pressure. Designing according to DIN EN 1996‐1‐1/NA, higher coefficients of earth pressure (like earth pressure at rest) can be considered, with an additional verification of the shear resistance being necessary. This paper presents a theoretical model, which forms the basis for an analytical derivation of the loadbearing capacity, and explains the required minimum values of the acting normal force to ensure sufficient resistance to cover bending and shear. Based on these results, a simplified equation is proposed for the determination of the required minimum normal force, based on the design according to DIN EN 1996‐3/NA and providing identical values in case of an earth pressure coefficient of 1/3. The required minimum load resulting from this approach fulfils the described requirement to cover bending and shear. The presented solution is verified and the conditions for application are defined. Finally, the minimum required normal forces are evaluated and tabulated for common cases relevant to building practice.     

Low temperature annealing of metals with electrical wind force effects

Conventional annealing is a slow, high temperature process that involves heating atoms uniformly, i.e., in both defective and crystalline regions. This study explores an electrical alternative for energy efficiency,where moderate current density is used to generate electron wind force that produces the same outcome as the thermal annealing process. We demonstrate this on a zirconium alloy using in-situ electron back scattered diffraction(EBSD) inside a scanning electron microscope(SEM) and juxtaposing the results with that from thermal annealing. Contrary to common belief that resistive heating is the dominant factor, we show that 5 × 10~4 A/cm~2 current density can anneal the material in less than 15 min at only135?C. The resulting microstructure is essentially the same as that obtained with 600?C processing for360 min. We propose that unlike temperature, the electron wind force specifically targets the defective regions, which leads to unprecedented time and energy efficiency. This hypothesis was investigated with molecular dynamics simulation that implements mechanical equivalent of electron wind force to provide the atomistic insights on defect annihilation and grain growth.     

复合泡沫填充管的高g值冲击防护特性

目的 为避免或减小高g值冲击对弹内轻质元器件的破坏,应加强对轻质元器件缓冲防护结构的研究。方法 基于新型复合泡沫和通孔泡沫铝的2种泡沫填充管,通过万能试验机和落锤冲击系统研究了2种泡沫填充管的静动态力学特性,并运用数值模拟方法研究高g值冲击下等质量的泡沫填充管与夹芯管的加速度缓冲效果和吸能机制。结果 数值模拟所得结构变形和落锤加速度与实验结果较为一致,验证了数值模拟方法的可靠性。复合泡沫平台应力具有显著的应变率效应,其填充管压溃载荷平稳且高于泡沫铝填充管,比泡沫铝填充管体现出更优异的高过载防护性能。等质量的泡沫夹芯管的抗冲击性能优于填充管,2种泡沫填充而成的夹芯管具有相似的高过载防护性能,泡沫材料压缩行为对夹芯管压溃载荷特征的影响低于填充管。结论 所得结果对轻质元器件的高g值缓冲防护有较强的指导意义。     

一种具有力检测机制的新型血管介入手术机器人

为了在机器人辅助远程介入手术中实现向医生提供高精度的力反馈,设计了一种具有力检测机制的新型血管介入手术机器人,其是一个主从控制系统,包括一个操作方便的主端装置和一个递送导丝/导管的从端装置。首先,设计了血管介入手术机器人的力检测机制,以实现轴向近端力的精准测量和径向夹紧力的感知。然后,基于血管介入手术机器人的动力学分析,设计了具有在线整定参数功能的模糊PID (proportional integral derivative,比例积分微分)控制器,以提高从端装置的递送精度和抗干扰能力,同时选择阶跃信号对所设计的模糊PID控制器进行仿真验证。最后,搭建血管介入手术机器人物理样机,并开展主从运动跟踪实验和轴向近端力、径向夹紧力检测评估实验。实验结果表明,该血管介入手术机器人具有[-0.31, 0.25] mm的运动跟踪误差,可检测平均误差为0.12 N的轴向近端力以及可感知0.47～4 N的径向夹紧力。研究结果验证了所设计血管介入手术机器人的鲁棒性以及其力检测机制的可行性,可为同类产品的设计和改进提供参考依据。     

Quantum Inspired Broadband Photonic Absorber: Potential Application as Solar Sail along with Mobility Analysis

Electromagnetic wideband absorption is still perceived as a critical and formidable challenge to address with an unambiguous photonic absorber. Subwavelength metamaterial (MM) unit cells with unique and controlled features have recently gained considerable interest. However, meta-atoms, generated using a quantum-inspired pattern distribution, are underwhelming in existing literature to design photonic absorbers and their potential application to manufacture solar sails is still quite uncommon. In this article, to create a flexible, polarization-insensitive, ultrathin, and broadband MM absorber, quantum interference pattern-inspired design is utilized. Herein, a novel approach to fabricating solar sails for the space exploration incorporates the proposed broadband photonic absorber rather than conventional reflectors. The quantum-inspired meta-absorber (QIMA) exhibits an absorption of over 91% for the visible domain, i.e., 380–800 nm under a conventional plane-polarized source. It is shown in the study that broadband absorbers are almost equivalent to excellent reflectors to design the solar sails in terms of the time-averaged force calculated by utilizing the Maxwell stress tensor method. Thus, the QIMA has the potential to be a viable alternative to reflectors in the design of futuristic solar sails for space exploration. The interference theory model is also utilized to assure the dependability of calculated data, and additionally, the standard AM1.5 solar spectrum is utilized to demonstrate the QIMA's solar-harvesting potentiality.     

Selective Nanoscale Fabrication with Roughness Reduction of Polycrystalline Silicon by Physically Induced Fluorine Bonds Using Atomic Force Microscope

Polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) is widely used as a gate layer in integrated circuits, transistors, and channels through nanofabrication. Nanoremoval and roughness control are required for nanomanufacturing of various electronic devices. Herein, a nanoscale removal method is developed to overcome the limitations of microcracks, complex procedures, and time-consuming conventional fabrication and lithography methods. The method is implemented with a mechanically induced poly-Si phase transition using atomic force microscope (AFM). Mechanical force induces the covalent bonds between silicon and fluorine atoms which cause the phase transition of poly-Si. Then, the bond structure of the Si molecules is weakened and selectively removed by nano-Newton-scale force using AFM. A selective nanoscale removal with roughness control is implemented in 0.5 mM TBAF solution after mechanical force (43.58–58.21 nN) is applied. By the magnitude of nano-Newton force, the removal depth of poly-Si is controlled from 2.66 to 21.52 nm. Finally, the nanoscale fabrication on poly-Si wafer is achieved. The proposed nanoremoval mechanism is a simple fabrication method that provides selective, nanoscale, and highly efficient removal with roughness control.     

Effect of drag force modeling on the flow of electrostatically charged particles

In CFD simulations of two-phase flows, accurate drag force modeling is essential for predicting particle dynamics. However, a generally valid formulation is lacking, as all available drag force correlations have been established for specific flow situations. In particular, these correlations have not been evaluated for particle-laden flows subjected to electrostatic forces. The paper reports the effect of drag force modeling on the flow of electrically charged particles. To this end, we implemented different drag force correlations to the open-source CFD tool pafiX. Then, we performed highly-resolved Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) using the Eulerian–Lagrangian approach of a particle-laden channel flow with the friction Reynolds number of 180. The simulations generally revealed a strong influence of the precise drag correlation on particles in the near-wall region and a minor effect on the particles far from the walls. Due to their turbophoretic drift, particles accumulate close to the channel walls. For uncharged particles, the simulations show large deviations of the particle concentration profile in the near-wall region depending on the drag force correlation. Therefore, the disturbance of the flow surrounding a particle by a nearby wall or other particles is important for its drag. Driven by electrostatic forces, charged particles accumulate even closer to the wall. Contrary to the uncharged cases, when the particles carry a high charge (in our case one femto-coulomb), we found minor effects of drag force modeling on particle concentration profiles. In conclusion, for the investigated conditions, we propose to account for the effect of nearby particles and walls on the drag of low- or uncharged particles.