ZL114铝合金激光--龟弧的复合焊接

设计了一种激光-电弧复合热源焊接ZL114合金的新工艺，并对焊后的试件进行了X光检测、抗拉强度和全相组织等实验。结果表明，该种新工艺对铝合全有良好的适应性和可行性，是焊接领域的一个趋势。     

逆变电源的可靠性及其提高途径

影响逆变焊接电源可靠性的因素是多方面的.如产品的设计和生产等各个环节.根据实践经验提出了解决可靠性问题的一些有效途径和方法.     

用PID控制弧焊逆变电源的试验研究

本文介绍了对逆变电源进行数字PID控制的原理和方法,分析了采样周期、PID参数及不同的焊接工况对控制特性的影响。试验表明,只要恰当地选择PID(或PI)参数,不仅能实现高精度的恒流控制,而且能使系统的动态性能显著提高。     

焊接企业生产管理系统

通过对焊接企业的分析和总结,以 Oracle 为数据平台,运用面向对象的插件开发技术,设计、开发了焊接企业生产管理系统,以便对企业焊接生产线上所有物质、流程进行更精准的监控、管理,如对焊材、母材的管理等。同时,该系统集成了各种焊材的国家检验标准数据,并支持按企业特性进行修改,为质检人员制定标准提供便捷。     

A new adaptive backstepping Coulomb friction compensator for servo control systems

A new Coulomb friction compensator is proposed for servo control systems in this paper. The novelty of the new approach lies in its capability of assigning the eigenvalues of the resulting closed loop system while attacking the problem. First, based on the standard backstepping methodology, an implicit Lyapunov function, with part of the components being only symbolically constructed at the very beginning, is utilized. To increase the robustness of the system against disturbance and model inaccuracy, an integral term is employed in the design. Using part of the variable gradient method, we are able to turn the implicit Lyapunov function into an explicit one, which is positive definite, and whose time‐derivative is negative definite. Second, it will be shown that the resulting closed loop error system is a switched linear system with two possible active modes that share the same set of eigenvalues, which is at our disposal. Unlike the common adaptive control design methods, such as the Control Lyapunov Function approach, in which the gains are typically positive but otherwise arbitrary, and are hence difficult to choose and have a lack of connection with the system's performance, our new scheme imposes two further constraints on the gains. It turns out that we can then match these gains with the coefficients of the desired characteristic equation of the closed loop system. In this respect, the gains are linked to the system's overall performance, which is a new and very appealing feature for such a scheme. Finally, a procedure of constructing a common Lyapunov function is provided to prove exponential stability of the aforementioned switched linear system. In addition, using the invariance principle, we will show the convergence of the estimated Coulomb friction coefficient to its real value. Numerical simulations are given to validate the effectiveness of the design and its robustness against friction time‐variations. Compared to existing results, the proposed scheme is much simpler, hence, much more advantageous computationally. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society     

ITER极向场线圈销轴表面硬化工艺研发

ITER极向场线圈(PF)磁体支撑销轴承载极向场线圈和部分真空室的质量,因使用环境非常恶劣,所以对其表面硬度及耐磨性能有很高的需求。按照ITER极向场线圈销轴的设计要求,研发了两种表面硬化处理方式,包括无界面N离子注入361LN强化处理以及采用在不锈钢表面堆焊一层马氏体不锈钢ER414L的方式分别不同程度地增加基底材料的表面硬度以及耐磨性能,可以满足小尺寸及超大型部件的表面硬化设计需求。     

Optimization of A-TIG process parameters using response surface methodology

In the present work, the influence of process parameters such as welding current (I), welding speed (S), and flux coating density (F) on different aspects of weld bead geometry for example depth of penetration (DOP), bead width (BW), depth to width ratio (D/W), and weld fusion zone area (WA) were investigated by using the central composite design (CCD). 9–12% Cr ferritic stainless steel (FSS) plates were welded using A-TIG welding. It was observed that all input variables have a direct influence on the DOP, BW, and D/W. However, flux coating density has no significant effect on WA. Mathematical models were generated from the obtained responses to predict the weld bead geometry. An optimized DOP, BW, D/W, and WA of 6.95?mm, 8.76?mm, 0.80, and 41.99?mm², respectively, were predicted at the welding current of 213.78 A, the welding speed of 96.22?mm/min, and the flux coating density of 1.99?mg/cm². Conformity test was done to check the practicability of the developed models. The conformity test results were in good agreement with the predicted values. Arc constriction and reversal in Marangoni convection were considered as major mechanisms for the deep and narrow weld bead during A-TIG welding.     

一种新型的加固计算机箱设计

介绍了一种新型加固计算机机箱,其独特的双层箱体结构,使它适合在各种复杂恶劣的环境条件下使用。通过设计实践,阐述了该箱体的结构特点和密封、隔振缓冲、电磁兼容等方面的具体解决方法,特别是箱体成型和综合热设计等关键技术。经环境试验和工程实际应用的检验,证明其具有较好的综合防护性能。     

Effects of road surface appearance and low friction warning systems on driver behaviour and confidence in the warning system

Warning systems for slippery road conditions are a potential newcomer among driver support systems. A total of 75 participants drove in a high-fidelity driving simulator on roads with both visible and invisible ice, to investigate to which extent drivers rely on a low friction warning system. Three experimental groups with different versions of a low friction warning system and a control group without warning system were compared. All drivers ranked the systems according to trust. A system displaying recommended speed received the best ratings. Driving speed was analysed for three particular segments of the route. Generally, lowest speeds were achieved with the recommended speed system. The participants drove more slowly on a slippery segment that looked icy than on the segments that looked dry when they did not receive a low friction warning. When they received a warning for low friction they also lowered their speed for the segment looking like asphalt. The results provide guidelines for how to present low friction warnings to drivers. The design has substantial effects on the resulting behaviour and therefore it can have a high impact on traffic safety. So far, not much research on low friction warning systems has been reported.     

Interface Characteristics and Laboratory Constructability Tests of Novel Fiber-Reinforced Polymer/Concrete Piles

Conventional pile materials such as steel, concrete, and timber are prone to deterioration for many reasons. Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) concrete composites represent an alternative construction material for deep foundations that can eliminate many of the performance disadvantages of traditional piling materials. However, FRP composites present several difficulties related to constructability, and the lack of design tools for their implementation as a foundation element. This paper describes the results of an experimental study on frictional FRP/dense sand interface characteristics and the constructability of FRP–concrete composite piles. An innovative toe driving technique is developed to install the empty FRP shells in the soil and self-consolidating concrete is subsequently cast in them. The experimental program involves interface shear tests on small FRP samples and uplift load tests on large-scale model piles. Two different FRP pile materials with different roughness and a reference steel pile are examined. Static uplift load tests are conducted on different piles installed in soil samples subjected to different confining pressures in the pressure chamber. The results showed that the interface friction for FRP materials compared favorably with conventional steel material. It was shown that toe driving is suitable for installation of FRP piles in dense soils.