Bioprotective Leuconostoc strains against Listeria monocytogenes in fresh fruits and vegetables

Ten Leuconostoc mesenteroides and one Ln. citreum strains isolated from fresh fruit and vegetables were tested for their antagonistic capacity against Listeria monocytogenes. Genetic differences among strains were analyzed by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD). All the isolates clustered together and differed from the type strain Ln. mesenteroides ATCC 8293 as well as from Ln. fallax and Ln. citreum. Organic acids, hydrogen peroxide and bacteriocins were detected as main inhibition mechanisms. Characterization of culture supernatants from the bacteriocinogenic strains, CM135 and CM160 revealed a high resistance of antibacterial activity to temperature and pH, and a bactericidal mode of action against L. monocytogenes. Produced bacteriocins belonged to the Class IIa and sequencing of genes showed complete homology with mesentericin Y105. A study of the effect of the relative dose of pathogen and LAB on control of L. monocytogenes in wounds of Golden Delicious apples and Iceberg lettuce leaf cuts was performed. A comparison of the dose of bioprotective strain needed for a ten fold reduction of the viable pathogen concentration (ED(90)) revealed that strain CM160 was the most effective against L. monocytogenes. ED(90) values varied from 1.3.10(4) to 5.0.10(5) cfu.g(-1) or wound, at ranges of pathogen levels from 1.0.10(3) to 5.0.10(4) cfu.g(-1) of lettuce or wound of apple. The efficiency of the strains was also calculated as the ratio of the ED(90) value to the pathogen dose inoculated. The lowest ratio was found for strain CM160 at 5 to 50 cells of LAB per cell of pathogen. The strain offers potential application for prevention of the presence of L. monocytogenes in fresh fruit and vegetables.     

O_3处理降解硫藏果蔬原料亚硫酸盐效果的研究

研究了臭氧处理对硫藏杏干、山楂及腌制姜3种果蔬原料中亚硫酸盐的降解效果及影响处理效果的因素。结果表明:经臭氧处理后的硫藏杏干、山楂、腌制姜,其SO2含量明显低于无处理,说明臭氧能有效降解亚硫酸盐;亚硫酸盐的降解率与臭氧通入时间、浸泡溶液pH等因素有关,表现为在一定范围内,随臭氧通入时间、pH的增加而提高;但是,在总浸泡时间和通入臭氧处理时间相同的条件下,浸泡期间内开始通入臭氧处理的时刻对样品最终SO2含量的影响不明显。     

BABA处理提高采后砂糖桔对青霉菌的抗病性

诱导抗病性是水果采后病害生物防治的重要内容之一。对非呼吸跃变型的砂糖桔(Citrus Reticulata Blancdo Cv.Shiyueju)果实进行BABA渗透处理后接种绿霉病菌孢子,结果表明:不同浓度BABA处理果实的发病率和病斑面积均比对照果实的低,其中0.5g/L BABA处理效果最好,BABA处理提高了沙糖桔果实CHT、GUN、PAL、PPO、POD活性,提高了果皮H2O2含量。     

Survey of mycotoxins in dates and dried fruits from Tunisian and Spanish markets

In an effort to enforce the knowledge on mycotoxin occurrence and co-occurrence in dates and dried fruits, 228 samples purchased from Tunisian and Spanish markets were subjected to multi-mycotoxin liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis of 16 mycotoxins. At least one mycotoxin was detected in 160 samples (70%). The frequency of contaminated samples was 83%, 80%, 64%, 59% and 26% for dates, dried vine fruits, figs, apricots and plums, respectively but none of the analyzed samples contained detectable levels of fumonisins (FB₁, FB₂, FB₃) or T-2 toxin (T2).The incidence and levels of mycotoxins varied in samples. The most prevalent mycotoxin was enniatin B (EnnB) (54%), followed by enniatinA₁ (EnnA₁) (36%); aflatoxins (AFs) (23%) and ochratoxin A (OTA) (22%). Thirteen samples contained AFs in levels that exceed the maximum limits established in EU legislation. The simultaneous contamination with 2–6 mycotoxins was observed in 51% of the analyzed samples. Lastly, intakes of the detected mycotoxins were calculated for average adult consumers and compared with the tolerable daily intakes (TDI). Data obtained were used to estimate the potential exposure levels.     

Bioaccessibility of carotenoids from plant and animal foods

The frequent consumption of carotenoid-rich foods has been associated with numerous health benefits, such as the supply of provitamin A. To exert these health benefits, carotenoids need to be efficiently liberated from the food matrix, micellized in the small intestine, taken up by the enterocytes and absorbed into the human blood stream. Enormous efforts have been made to better understand these processes. Because human studies are costly, labor-intense and time-consuming, the evaluation of carotenoid liberation and micellization at the laboratory scale using simulated in vitro digestion models has proven to be an important tool for obtaining preliminary results prior to conducting human studies. In particular, the liberation from the food matrix and the intestinal micellization can be mimicked by simulated digestion, yielding an estimate of the so-called bioaccessibility of a carotenoid. In the present review, we provide an overview of the carotenoid digestion process in vivo, the currently used in vitro digestion models and the outcomes of previous bioaccessibility studies, with a special focus on correlations with concomitantly conducted human studies. Furthermore, we advocate for the on-going requirement of better standardized digestion protocols and, in addition, we provide suggestions for the complementation of the acquired knowledge and current nutritional recommendations. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

Comparison of food values for consumers’ preferences on imported fruits and vegetables within Japan,Taiwan, and Indonesia

International agricultural trade in fruits and vegetables has received much attention as an effective method to create a sustainable agriculture industry for a country. This study focuses on consumers’ perceptions of food values toward imported fruits and vegetables in Japan, Taiwan, and Indonesia by using the Best-Worst Scaling method. Seven food values were examined in this study: labeling product origin, food safety certification, high quality appearance, domestic rarity, price, how the product was grown, and freshness. An online survey was conducted and 1,350 total valid respondents were collected (500 Japanese, 333 Taiwanese, and 517 Indonesian). The Latent Class Multinomial Logit model was used to analyze consumers for each country. Results revealed that food safety certification and freshness were found as the most important and second most important food values for the majority group of consumers in each of these three countries, respectively. However, the remainder of food values do not have the same importance for each country. The study should help governments and international marketers enhance their agricultural trade policies and marketing strategies for these targeted markets.     

果蔬燕麦食品营养与开发利用进展

燕麦片是一种营养丰富、方便快捷、易于携带的食品。燕麦食品能基本满足人体所需能量,但维生素和矿物质等成分相对不足,不能满足机体一餐的全部营养需求。果蔬是人体获取维生素、矿物质和膳食纤维的主要来源,与人体健康密切相关,早餐合理摄取一定量的果蔬是身体健康的重要保证。果蔬燕麦食品的开发,能更好地满足人体对营养的需要,为人们提供了更好的早餐选择。本文综述了燕麦的营养保健功能、果蔬燕麦片的开发优势,并对其未来发展趋势进行了阐述,以供果蔬燕麦食品的研究和开发提供参考。     

几种物理量及场理论对果蔬保鲜的影响

保鲜是现代农业研究的重要组成部分,是提高果蔬"时空"价值的重要途径。随着物理技术的发展,各类物理保鲜技术也得到发展。本文结合现有的研究进展,总结了温度、光、电、磁对果蔬保鲜的影响,提出了果蔬物理保鲜技术的要点:1)控制温度场的均匀性和波动性,以减缓新陈代谢和水分流失;2)适当的光照强度、电场强度和磁场强度也能够提高果蔬的贮藏时间,减少营养物质的流失。     

羧甲基壳聚糖/壳聚糖涂膜保鲜千禧果

目的 对千禧果进行涂膜包装,从而延长其常温贮藏的货架期。方法 采用壳聚糖（Chitosan, CS）和羧甲基壳聚糖（CarboxymethylChitosan, CMCS）为基材,利用层层自组装（Layer-by-layer Self-assembly,LBL）的方法对千禧果进行涂膜保鲜包装,研究CS与CMCS之间的作用力类型,以及涂膜处理对千禧果的保鲜效果。结果 通过红外分析可知,CS与CMCS之间依靠氢键作用和静电力相互连接;通过实验确定CMCS/CS层层自组装双层涂膜对千禧果的保鲜效果相对最佳,在室温下能将千禧果的保鲜期延长至9d,贮藏9d后千禧果的质量损失率、腐烂率、硬度、可溶性固形物质量分数、维生素C含量及有机酸含量分别为3.3%、6.7%、5.3 kg/cm²、7.7%、29.3 mg/hg和0.48%。结论 CS和CMCS层层自组装多层涂膜对千禧果具有明显的保鲜效果,能有效延长其货架期。