Florisil分散固相萃取-液相色谱串联质谱联用法测定水果中氯吡脲的不确定度评定

目的采用florisil分散固相萃取-液相色谱串联质谱法对水果中氯吡脲残留的不确定度评定。方法建立该方法的数学模型,对数学模型中各不确定度分量的来源进行分析、量化和合成,得出合成不确定度及其扩展不确定度。结果当水果中氯吡脲含量为10.0μg/kg时,其扩展不确定度为1.4μg/kg(k=2)。结论不确定度主要由标准溶液、标准曲线的建立及测量随机性因素的不确定度引起。该评估模型为液质联用法测定水果中氯吡脲的不确定度评估提供了参考依据。     

几种物理量及场理论对果蔬保鲜的影响

保鲜是现代农业研究的重要组成部分,是提高果蔬"时空"价值的重要途径。随着物理技术的发展,各类物理保鲜技术也得到发展。本文结合现有的研究进展,总结了温度、光、电、磁对果蔬保鲜的影响,提出了果蔬物理保鲜技术的要点:1)控制温度场的均匀性和波动性,以减缓新陈代谢和水分流失;2)适当的光照强度、电场强度和磁场强度也能够提高果蔬的贮藏时间,减少营养物质的流失。     

Dried jujube classification using support vector machine based on fractal parameters and red,green and blue intensity

A new method that combines fractal theory and red, green and blue (RGB) colour intensity was developed to sort dried jujube fruits by using support vector machine (SVM). Our result shows that the new method is fast and accurate in dried jujube fruits classification. The SVM models based on fractal parameters only achieved 85.18–92.73% total accuracy rate. The total classification accuracy of SVM based on RGB intensity values was 94.44%. However, the SVM models based on combining fractal parameters with RGB intensity values achieved 94.44–98.15% total accuracy rate. The best classification accuracy (98.15%) was found when using SVM model based on combining fractal measures (FM) with RGB intensity values (C = 512, γ = 0.0078125). Therefore, the SVM model based on combining FMs with RGB intensity is recommended in dried jujube fruits classification.     

Detecting rottenness caused by Penicillium genus fungi in citrus fruits using machine learning techniques

Penicillium fungi are among the main defects that may affect the commercialization of citrus fruits. Economic losses in fruit production may become enormous if an early detection of that kind of fungi is not carried out. That early detection is usually based either on UltraViolet light carried out manually. This work presents a new approach based on hyperspectral imagery for defect segmentation. Both the physical device and the data processing (geometric corrections and band selection) are presented. Achieved results using classifiers based on Artificial Neural Networks and Decision Trees show an accuracy around 98%; it shows up the suitability of the proposed approach.     

Assessment of quality of fruits using impedance spectroscopy

This study deals with the development of a nondestructive impedance spectroscopic technique that may assess the conditions of the fruits to pluck them with the help of robotic arms. Preliminary investigations are made with the help of two‐terminal probe and an accurate LCR meter. The bulk impedance of mango has been measured to characterise raw and ripe fruits. Effective resistance and effective capacitance vs. frequency characteristics have been determined. The bulk effective resistances, of the ripe fruits, are found to be more than those of the raw fruits, in the frequency range of 1–6 kHz. In the same frequency range, effective capacitances of the raw fruits are found more than those of the ripe fruits. In the light of the data obtained, it can be said that the effective resistance may be used to differentiate between raw and ripe fruits in the frequency range of 1–6 kHz.     

高效液相色谱法测定果蔬中的5种农药残留

目的建立高效液相色谱法测定果蔬中啶虫脒、嘧霉胺、氟虫腈、辛硫磷和哒螨灵5种农药残留。方法样品以乙腈为提取剂,NH_2固相萃取小柱净化和富集,用二氯甲烷-甲醇(97:3,V:V)溶液进行洗脱,洗脱液浓缩、定容后,以Dikma Spursil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)色谱柱分离,水和甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min,于配有紫外可变波长检测器的高效液相色谱仪测定,外标法定量。结果 5种农药在0.1~2.0μg/mL的浓度范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9995~0.9998。方法定量限为0.006~0.02 mg/kg。当添加浓度在0.02、0.05、0.1 mg/kg时,5种农药在果蔬中的加标回收率达到70.2%~113.0%,相对标准偏差为2.0%~11.8%。结论该方法操作简单、快速,适用于果蔬中啶虫脒、嘧霉胺、氟虫腈、辛硫磷和哒螨灵残留的测定。     

不同贮藏温度对草莓呼吸强度及品质的影响

本文研究了不同贮藏温度(0℃、5℃、10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃)对草莓呼吸强度、感官评价、失重率、硬度、相对电导率、糖酸比、维生素C和色差的影响。研究表明:贮藏温度越高,草莓呼吸越旺盛,货架寿命越短,草莓30℃条件下的呼吸强度是0℃条件下的13.97倍;草莓在0℃、5℃、10℃、15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃条件下贮藏的商品寿命分别为9 d、7 d、6 d、5 d、3d、2 d、8 h。随着贮藏温度的升高,草莓的失重率、相对电导率和呼吸强度迅速升高,而草莓的感官评价、硬度、糖酸比、维生素C含量、L*、hue值逐渐降低;贮藏在0℃的草莓品质保持最好,贮藏9 d后的感官评价、失重率、硬度、相对电导率、糖酸比、Vc含量、L*和hue值分别为5.4、3.18%、11.13 N、39.05%、12.48、22.01 mg/100 g、37.84、32.81。     

HPLC法测定陆英花和果实中齐墩果酸和熊果酸的含量

建立高效液相色谱法同时分离和测定陆英花和果实中齐墩果酸和熊果酸的含量。选用Kromasil C18色谱柱,流动相为甲醇：水：磷酸（90：10：0．2）,检测波长210nm,流速0．8mL／min,柱温25℃。齐墩果酸进样量在n55—5．50μg,熊果酸进样量在1．02—10．20μg时呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数均为0．9999,齐墩果酸和熊果酸的平均回收率分别为99．3％（RSD为1．9％）和101．2％（RSD为2．3％）.本法具有准确、灵敏、数据可靠的优点,可用于陆英花和果实的齐墩果酸和熊果酸的分离与测定。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定菠菜、苹果及大豆中二硝基苯胺类除草剂残留量

以菠菜、苹果和大豆为代表性分析物,建立了超高效液相色谱 串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）检测蔬菜、水果及粮谷等植物源性食品中8种二硝基苯胺类除草剂（氟乐灵、二甲戊乐灵、仲丁灵、异乐灵、磺乐灵、氨基乙氟灵、氨磺乐灵和氨基丙氟灵）的残留量。采用电喷雾电离,正离子扫描,多反应监测（MRM）模式检测,并使用外标法定量。结果表明：8种二硝基苯胺类除草剂的测定低限均为10 μg/kg;在添加水平10~200 μg/kg范围内,加标回收率为70.0%～120%,相对标准偏差为0.56%～23.0%。该方法灵敏、有效,适用于蔬菜、水果和粮谷等植物源性食品中二硝基苯胺类除草剂多残留的测定。     

北方干鲜果害鼠绿色防控技术

文章介绍了北方干鲜果各种不同为害方式害鼠的相应的绿色防控技术,树根和树干害鼠中华鼢鼠、棕色田鼠宜采用银恒快速捕鼠器捕杀;果实害鼠岩松鼠、花鼠、北社鼠防治时等应采用坚果注射杀鼠剂精准灭鼠技术;果园地面害鼠大仓鼠、长尾仓鼠、黑线姬鼠等可采用TBS技术绿色防控;果实贮藏害鼠褐家鼠、黄胸鼠、小家鼠采用粘鼠板消灭。各类绿色灭鼠技术可为干鲜果害鼠的防控提供参考。