供应链中生鲜果蔬品质劣变机制、共性管控及智能检测技术研究进展

供应链中生鲜果蔬由于呼吸作用、蒸腾作用和乙烯释放等因素,持续消耗有机物质(如糖和淀粉),导致生鲜果蔬品质降低。在整个供应链中,生鲜果蔬的生理、生化变化受内在因素(种类与品种、产地与采收期、成熟度或生长期)和环境因素(如温度、湿度、O₂和CO₂体积分数、乙烯体积分数、挤压、撞击、振动等)的影响。目前,供应链中应用了许多采后技术来提高品质和保留率,以减少生鲜果蔬的品质劣变,提高其市场竞争力。作者简要介绍了供应链中生鲜果蔬品质劣变(如霉变、萎蔫、褐变、软化、黄化等)机制、生鲜果蔬品质劣变影响因素,以及通过采用共性管控技术减缓生鲜果蔬的品质劣变,并综述了智能标签在生鲜果蔬新鲜度检测中的研究进展。     

微波-热风联合干燥在芒果果脯加工中的应用

以水仙芒为原料,探索芒果果脯加工的新干燥方法,并进一步研究微波-热风联合干燥芒果果脯的工艺条件。分别研究微波功率、转换点含水率以及热风温度3个因素对芒果果脯感官评价的影响,然后采用三因素三水平Box-Behnken设计对芒果果脯的干燥工艺进行优化改良。结果表明,微波与热风联合干燥芒果果脯的最优干燥工艺条件参数为:微波功率395 W、转换点含水率64%、热风温度55℃。     

紫外线杀菌技术在鲜切果蔬保鲜中的应用研究进展

目的 通过介绍紫外线杀菌技术在鲜切果蔬保鲜中的应用研究进展,以期为其在鲜切果蔬保鲜中的进一步研究与应用提供参考.方法 综述国内外长波紫外线、中波紫外线和短波紫外线对鲜切果蔬品质、生理代谢相关酶活性以及微生物的影响.结果 紫外线杀菌技术作为一种绿色安全的鲜切果蔬保鲜技术,可以有效抑制鲜切果蔬中微生物的生长繁殖,减缓鲜切果蔬生理代谢,防止褐变,延迟衰老,并延长鲜切果蔬货架期,且不会对鲜切果蔬的风味和口感产生影响.结论 在目前重视食品快捷和安全的趋势下,紫外线杀菌技术因其具有安全方便、对环境友好等特点,现已在鲜切果蔬保鲜中得到广泛应用,并具有重要的发展前景.     

三种熏蒸剂在果蔬保鲜中应用的研究进展

果蔬在采后以及贮藏过程中易发生氧化褐变、组织软化、腐烂变质等生理生化变化,造成果蔬品质下降、经济损失和资源的浪费,因此,果蔬保鲜技术的研究与应用显得尤为重要。熏蒸技术主要是利用熏蒸剂在密闭空间内以气态形式扩散并与果蔬作用,通过调控多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等酶活性、抑制细菌生长等方面发挥保鲜作用。本文主要综述了近年来普遍使用的乙醇、一氧化氮和植物精油等熏蒸剂在果蔬保鲜中应用研究进展,为果蔬保鲜研究中熏蒸剂的选择与熏蒸技术的应用提供理论依据。     

4种常见果蔬保鲜运输超声波加湿的生命周期模拟研究

通过生命周期评估显示:与传统供应链相比,超声波加湿可将部分水果和蔬菜的环境影响(包括气候变化影响)降低23%,当加湿器应用于果蔬供应链,且总固有损失>24%时,加湿器的加入能使损失减少20%以上,说明超声波加湿技术能使果蔬供应链管理更具可持续性。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定蔬菜水果中的百草枯和敌草快残留

目的建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定6种蔬菜和水果以及玉米、香菇等其他植物源性样品中百草枯和敌草快的分析方法。方法样品先以0.5 mol/L HCl浸泡酸化5 min,再以10 mL甲醇-0.5 mol/L HCl(1:1, V:V)振荡提取10 min,然后于80℃水浴中保温30 min,提取液冷却后于5000 r/min离心5 min,取上层清液过0.22μm的滤膜,直接上机测定。以20mmol/L甲酸铵(pH=3)-乙腈为流动相,经亲水色谱柱(hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, HILIC)进行分离后进行超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱多反应监测模式分析,内标法定量。结果百草枯的检出限(limitsofdetection,LOD)、定量限(limitsof quantitation, LOQ)分别为2.0、7.0μg/kg,敌草快的LOD、LOQ分别为1.5、8.0μg/kg。考察了8种不同样品的基质效应,其中敌草快在上海青和西芹中的基质效应较强,需要以基质标准曲线进行定量校正。在10、50、100μg/kg3个浓度水平的加标回收试验下测得,百草枯的回收率为74.6%～120.2%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)为0.9%～11.7%;敌草快的回收率为76.6%～124.9%, RSD为2.0%～12.1%。结论该方法操作简单,快速。以内标法和基质匹配曲线定量,结果准确,适用于大量蔬菜水果样品中百草枯和敌草快的高通量分析和检测。     

Content,chemical composition and morphology of epicuticular wax of Fortune mandarin fruits in relation to peel pitting

Changes in the amount, chemical composition and morphology of epicuticular wax in relation to rindstaining and peel pitting of Fortune mandarin fruits from trees grafted on different rootstocks and growing in different locations in the citrus area of Valencia (Spain) were studied. The epicuticular wax amount was higher on fruits from the north quadrant of the tree and was more influenced by the orchard location than by the tree rootstock. The main constituent classes of the epicuticular wax were alkanes > esters > ketones > aldehydes > fatty acids > primary alcohols > triterpenes. In the north quadrant of the tree the alkane and ester content in the wax of fruits from an orchard with fruits not rindstained in recent years was higher and the ketone and fatty acid content was lower than in fruits from an orchard with fruits rindstained in recent years. The epicuticular wax of Fortune mandarin peel had an amorphous structure in which crystalline plates and platelets were inserted. The wax layer was more damaged in fruits from the rindstained orchard. The results obtained suggest (a) that damage to the epicuticular wax structure may be a factor that can influence rindstaining and peel pitting of Fortune mandarin fruits but is not a determining factor, and (b) that wax yield is not related to rindstaining and peel pitting of Fortune mandarin fruits. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

冷链物流体系中果蔬产品质量安全问题与对策

简要介绍了水果、蔬菜农药残留和植物生长激素残留的问题与现状,总结了冷链在果蔬产品的收购、贮运、销售等环节的作用及存在的问题. 为保障冷链物流体系中果蔬产品的质量与安全性,提出了包括加强硬件设施、提升软件技术、引入第三方物流企业、发展可追溯体系等在内的提升我国食品冷链运输能力的建议.     

Simultaneous determination of afidopyropen and its metabolite in vegetables,fruit and soil using UHPLC-MS/MS

A new analytical method using the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) procedure for simultaneous determination of afidopyropen and its metabolite M440I007 residues in tomato, watermelon, pepper, cucumber, pear, grape, cabbage and soil samples was developed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The target compound was determined in less than 5.0 min using an electrospray ionisation source in positive mode (ESI⁺). The limit of quantification was 1 μg kg^?1 in different matrices. Two sorbents primary secondary amine and graphitised carbon black were used in the QuEChERS procedure, and matrix-matched standards gave satisfactory recoveries and relative standard deviation (RSD) values in different matrices at three spiked levels (1, 10 and 500 μg kg^?1). For afidopyropen, the recoveries ranged from 83% to 104% with an intra-day relative standard deviation (RSDr) of 1–8%, while they were from 80% to 103% with RSDr of 2–8% for M440I007. Reproducibility ranged between 1% and 19% for the three spiked levels.