Determination of the electrical characteristics and thermal behaviour of a c-Si cell under transient conditions for various concentration ratios

An extended study of c-Si cell performance under transient conditions for various concentration ratios, C, between 0.6 and 12.25 is presented. PV cell temperature, T_c, open-circuit voltage, V_oc, and short-circuit current, I_sc, were measured using an experimental set-up based on a solar light simulator. The dependence of V_oc, I_sc, dV_oc/dT_c, dI_sc/dT_c and r_s on T_c was investigated against C. A model was developed to predict T_c. Generalised formulae were proposed for prediction of V_oc and I_sc. Theoretically obtained T_c and V_oc profiles were compared with the measured ones. A good agreement was observed. The time constants of V_oc and T_c profiles were determined experimentally for various C values and lie within ±5% from theoretically predicted time constants. The coefficient dV_oc/dT_c was determined for various C values. The results show a decrease in the absolute value of dV_oc/dT_c against C. A partial recovery of PV cell performance through a ventilation process was tried.     

A novel approach for coal seam terrain prediction through information fusion of improved D–S evidence theory and neural network

In order to effectively and accurately forecast the distribution of coal seam terrain, a novel prediction approach through information fusion of improved D–S evidence theory and neural network was proposed. An improved strategy based on confidence level was presented for evidence theory to reduce the conflicts between evidences and enhance the fusion effect. Moreover, BPAs function was constructed reasonably through extracting weights from preliminary prediction values of four neural networks, and the flowchart of proposed approach was designed. Furthermore, a simulation example was provided and some comparisons with other fusion prediction methods were carried out. The simulation example and comparison results indicated that the proposed approach was feasible, high-precision and outperforming others. Finally, an industrial application example of mining automation production was demonstrated to specify the effect of proposed system.     

First principles calculations of the stability of the T2 and D88 phases in the V–Si–B system

The crystal and electronic structures of D8_l-V₅SiB₂ and D8₈-V₅Si₃B ternary compounds have been investigated by means of first principle calculations. The calculated structural parameters are in very good agreement with the experimental data. The calculated values of the enthalpies of formation at T = 0 K of the D8_l-V₅SiB₂ and D8₈-V₅Si₃B ternary compounds are −67.1 and −62.1 kJ/mol of atoms respectively. The total and partial electronic densities of states show a strong hybridization between the B p states and V d states. The defect enthalpies of formation as well as the mixing enthalpies have been computed. These data are essential for the modeling of the D8_l and D8₈ phases in the V–Si–B ternary system. A partial V–VSi₂–VB isothermal section at 298 K is proposed.     

Anomalous creep behaviour of 316 stainless steel at 550°C

The results offifteen constant-load creep tests at 550°C, with nominal stresses in the range 200 to 360 MPa and with test durations ofup to 14 000 h, are presented. The usual primary, secondary and tertiary creep behaviour was exhibited for nominal stresses greater than about 330 MPa. At lower stresses, ‘renewed’ primary and secondary creep regions were observed. The renewed secondary creep strain rates were found to be about an order of magnitude greater than the initial secondary creep strain rates. The results indicate that the occurrence ofthe renewed primary and secondary creep regions is associated with time-dependent exposure to a temperature of 550°C. The presence or magnitude of the prior stress level does not appear to have any significant effect.

The results are relevant to design procedures because extrapolation of short duration or high stress data to long-term design lifetimes is often required. Unless the possibility ofthe occurrence ofrenewed primary and secondary creep is taken into account, gross errors in strain predictions could occur.     

改建矿井瓦斯涌出量预测研究与应用

为适应矿井扩建后产能增大的同时所带来的瓦斯涌出量的变化问题,文章以某矿改扩建为背景,应用分源预测法对该矿达产后的瓦斯涌出量进行预测研究,从而为该矿的瓦斯治理提供依据,通过预测研究得出该矿井相对瓦斯涌出量为30.42 m3/t,绝对瓦斯涌出量为57.61m3/min。该矿在井生产期间矿井相对瓦斯涌出量大于10 m3/t,矿井绝对瓦斯涌出量大于40 m3/min,该矿为高瓦斯矿井。     

Assessing genomic prediction accuracy for Holstein sires using bootstrap aggregation sampling and leave-one-out cross validation

Since the introduction of genome-enabled prediction for dairy cattle in 2009, genomic selection has markedly changed many aspects of the dairy genetics industry and enhanced the rate of response to selection for most economically important traits. Young dairy bulls are genotyped to obtain their genomic predicted transmitting ability (GPTA) and reliability (REL) values. These GPTA are a main factor in most purchasing, marketing, and culling decisions until bulls reach 5 yr of age and their milk-recorded offspring become available. At that time, daughter yield deviations (DYD) can be compared with the GPTA computed several years earlier. For most bulls, the DYD align well with the initial predictions. However, for some bulls, the difference between DYD and corresponding GPTA is quite large, and published REL are of limited value in identifying such bulls. A method of bootstrap aggregation sampling (bagging) using genomic BLUP (GBLUP) was applied to predict the GPTA of 2,963, 2,963, and 2,803 young Holstein bulls for protein yield, somatic cell score, and daughter pregnancy rate (DPR), respectively. For each trait, 50 bootstrap samples from a reference population comprising 2011 DYD of 8,610, 8,405, and 7,945 older Holstein bulls were used. Leave-one-out cross validation was also performed to assess prediction accuracy when removing specific bulls from the reference population. The main objectives of this study were (1) to assess the extent to which current REL values and alternative measures of variability, such as the bootstrap standard deviation (SD) of predictions, could detect bulls whose daughter performance deviates significantly from early genomic predictions, and (2) to identify factors associated with the reference population that inform about inaccurate genomic predictions. The SD of bootstrap predictions was a mildly useful metric for identifying bulls whose future daughter performance may deviate significantly from early GPTA for protein and DPR. Leave-one-out cross validation allowed us to identify groups of reference population bulls that were influential on other reference population bulls for protein yield and observe their effects on predictions of testing set bulls, as a whole and individually.     

泊松比气水预测模型及其在碳酸盐岩储层中的应用

地震资料泊松比反演气水预测方法在砂岩储层中的应用效果稳定,但在碳酸盐岩储层中的预测效果还有待确认。为此,在四川盆地龙岗构造三叠系、塔里木盆地奥陶系、土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸区块侏罗系等8个层系的碳酸盐岩储层中开展了应用研究。对测井资料的泊松比分析结果表明,碳酸盐岩储层含流体后,其泊松比由低到高依次对应于含气、同含气水、含水、致密层。基于该良好规律,可获得碳酸盐岩储层泊松比气水预测模型,随后制作合成地震记录,准确标定储层所在位置,进而可建立起测井泊松比与地震资料的关系,采用泊松比测井曲线约束地震资料进行反演的方法,并通过神经网络算法予以实现,从而得到泊松比反演剖面,能够较为清晰地反映储层含气、含水情况,由此获得的平面分布预测图可有效分析气水分布与构造、断层等的关系。在不同碳酸盐岩储层类型(如孔隙型、裂缝型、裂缝孔隙型、缝洞型)中的应用效果表明,该方法能有效识别碳酸盐岩储层的含气性和含水性,可作为气水预测的一种新手段。     

QUASI‐LIKELIHOOD INFERENCE FOR NEGATIVE BINOMIAL TIME SERIES MODELS

We study inference and diagnostics for count time series regression models that include a feedback mechanism. In particular, we are interested in negative binomial processes for count time series. We study probabilistic properties and quasi‐likelihood estimation for this class of processes. We show that the resulting estimators are consistent and asymptotically normally distributed. These facts enable us to construct probability integral transformation plots for assessing any assumed distributional assumptions. The key observation in developing the theory is a mean parameterized form of the negative binomial distribution. For transactions data, it is seen that the negative binomial distribution offers a better fit than the Poisson distribution. This is an immediate consequence of the fact that transactions can be represented as a collection of individual activities that correspond to different trading strategies.     

广州市地下空间开发利用的展望

分析了国内外地下空间开发利用现状，概述了广州市地下空间开发利用情况，预测了广州市未来地下空间发展方向，提出了广州市地下空间开发利用的可持续发展策略，对广州市地下空间开发利用具有一定的参考意义。