超临界流体技术在微孔发泡聚合物制备中的应用

介绍了超临界流体技术和微孔聚合物的概念及优点。着重介绍了超临界流体技术在微孔聚合物制备中的应用及发展状况，并简单介绍了制备微孔聚合物的影响因素，最后阐述了对超临界流体技术的展望和建议。     

Bubble nucleation and growth in fluids

The nucleation and growth of CO₂ bubbles in non-Newtonian and Newtonian fluids that were initially supersaturated under different pressures are investigated in the present work. Quantitative information by means of two cameras reveals that at an immobile nucleation site the bubble grows rapidly followed by a linear increase in bubble diameter with time. After reaching a critical size, the bubble detaches from the stagnant site to rise in liquids with an exponential temporary increase for both the diameter and distance. A simple physical reasoning was proposed to qualitatively explain these observed phenomena. Recently, the growth rate and flow fields around a CO₂ micro-bubble were measured in a microdevice by a micro-Particle Image Velocimetry in water. This information at microscale gives new insight into the complex mechanism of bubble nucleation and growth in fluids and could help to develop a rigorous theoretical modelling and numerical simulation such as the Lattice Boltzmann approach.     

矿渣复合助磨剂的实验研究

在相同的粉磨条件下，研究了数种复合助磨剂（三乙醇胺十无机盐类）对矿渣的助磨效果，每隔0．5h测定其比表面积并与空白样品对比；然后对所得矿粉用图像分析仪和扫描电镜进行了形貌分析。同时又研究了三乙醇胺系复合助磨削时矿渣-水泥体系的标准稠度用水量、凝结时间、胶砂强度等性能的影响。结果表明：（1）复合矿渣助磨剂的助磨效果优于单一助磨剂，对矿渣水泥的性能无损害且能够提高胶砂强度；（2）无机盐的取代在一定程度上能够降低助磨剂的成本。     

水泥流动性的测量及其在助磨剂助磨效果评价中的应用

介绍了使用粉体物性测试仪测量、计算粉体流动性指数的方法。用化验室统一试验小磨将不同种类、不同掺入量的助磨剂与熟料共同粉磨,检验水泥的流动性指数。结果表明,流动性指数可以区分不同助磨剂相同掺入量和相同助磨剂不同掺入量水泥的流动性,可以作为水泥助磨剂评价与选择的参考。     

Forced convection in cross flow of power law fluids over a tube bank

The forced convective heat transfer characteristics for incompressible power-law fluids past a bundle of circular cylinders have been investigated numerically. The cylinder-to-cylinder hydrodynamic interactions have been approximated via a simple cell model. The momentum and energy equations have been solved using a finite difference based numerical method for a range of physical and kinematic conditions. The role of the two commonly used thermal boundary conditions, namely, constant temperature or constant heat flux, on heat transfer characteristics has also been studied. Extensive numerical results elucidating the effect of shear-thinning viscosity on the values of Nusselt number have been obtained for Peclet numbers ranging from 1 to 5000, Reynolds number in the range 1-500, flow behaviour index 1?n?0.5 and three values of voidages, namely, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6, typical of tubular heat exchangers and tube banks. Under all conditions, varying levels of enhancement in Nusselt number are observed due to shear-thinning behaviour. The surface averaged Nusselt number shows strong dependence on the values of voidage, power-law index, Reynolds and Peclet numbers. The paper is concluded by presenting comparisons with the scant experimental results available in the literature.     

水泥粉磨系统技术措施及技术改造的优化

水泥粉磨系统的每一个环节，如粉磨工艺、选粉机、磨机结构、研磨体级配等都有潜力可挖，均可通过技术改造优化选择使粉磨系统的能力得到充分发挥、实现优质、高产、低消耗。     

MAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS ON FERROFLUIDS

Magnetic measurements on ferrofluids can be used to determine the magnetic concentration which may be as large as 15% by volume in a very viscous fluid. Additional information on the particle size distribution parameters and the mode of magnetisation can be obtained from an analysis of the magnetisation curve. Magnetic studies are also invaluable for a correct interpretation of the magnetic dichroism, birefringence and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) data. Measurements on a ferrofluid after freezing enables the shape anisotropy to be determined and the degree of particle elongation (∼15%) calculated.     

Shear rates investigation in a scraped surface heat exchanger

The electrodiffusion technique was performed in order to investigate the shear rate on a scraped surface heat exchanger. Microelectrodes were placed inside: the walls of the outer cylinder; the inlet and outlet bowls; the rotor and the blades. Highly viscous Newtonian fluid (Emkarox HV45 solutions) and non-Newtonian model fluid (aqueous solutions of CMC) were used. The electrodiffusion method allowed us to measure wall shear rates. Maximum shear rate was observed at the scraping surface and caused by blades scraping, high shear rate was also measured on the leading edge of the blades. In the other parts of the exchanger, shear rate remained low but the development of Taylor vortices completely modified the scraped surface heat exchangers behaviour inside the surface of the bowls. A dimensionless representation of the friction factor was established for the inner and outer wall surface of the exchanger.     

THERMODYNAMIC PERFORMANCE PREDICTION FOR NON-CFC MIXTURES

The ideal thermodynamic performances of a variety of non-CFC refrigerants and their mixtures were calculated by using the Patel-Teja equation of state. The results indicated that the preferable non-CFC refrigerant mixtures could be HCFC-I24 +HFC-152a, HFC-152a + HFC-134, dimethyl ether + HCFC-22, and dimethyl ether + HCFC-124 for air-conditioning systems, and binary mixtures of HCFC-22 + HFC-125, and HCFC-22 + HFC-143a for low-temperature applications. Those potential non-CFC mixtures were suggested for further investigations.     

提高Φ2.2 m×7.5 m矿渣磨产量和细度的措施

福建三明水泥厂矿渣和熟料易磨性不同,制约了 2.2 m×6.5m闭路水泥磨系统的产质量,导致产量低仅12 t/h;矿渣掺量低,仅7％;水泥强度低R28仅达47.0MPa。为此该厂增加了2台 2.2m×7.5m开流磨单独粉磨矿渣,实现熟料矿渣分别粉磨工艺。同时对 2_2m×6.5m矿渣磨进行结构改造和工艺操作参数调整。这样二套粉磨系统可根据熟料和矿渣的不同粉磨特性分别进行操作控制,工厂实现了高产高质,高矿渣掺量(达15％)和低成本生产。