Nano-composite ZrO2/Au film electrode for voltammetric detection of parathion

This work describes the fabrication of ZrO₂/Au nano-composite films and its application for voltammetric detection of organophosphate pesticides. The nano-composite ZrO₂/Au film was prepared through a combination of sol–gel procedure and electroless plating that can be carried out in a general chemistry lab with no need for special facilities and reagents. The sensing performance of the ZrO₂/Au nano-composite film electrode toward parathion was studied with square wave voltammetry. The nano-ZrO₂ showed a strong affinity toward the phosphate group on parathion molecules, which provides sensitivity and selectivity of the sensing film. A linear relationship was obtained between the peak currents and the concentration of parathion, with a detection limit for standard samples of 3 ng/ml. In addition, interference studies showed that structurally similar compounds without phosphate groups would not interfere with the response toward parathion of the film electrode.     

一种基于小波变换的脉搏波速度测量方法

动脉脉搏波速度变化是动脉血管病变的指示剂,因此脉搏波速度的检测对血管疾病的预防和治疗有很大的帮助作用.脉搏波中夹杂的各种噪声干扰会影响测量结果精度.利用小波变换可以去除脉搏波中的各种干扰,实现波形的平滑重构,为提高测量精度打下基础.脉搏波波速的测量精度在很大程度上取决于波速参考点的提取,首次采用二次差分峰值点作为波速参考点,提高了测量精度.临床实验证明,新方法能够有效地分析出脉搏波速度,有助于动脉血管弹性程度的辅助诊断.     

行波型超声电机基于神经网络的逆模型辨识

行波型超声电机的动态特性受定子压电陶瓷迟滞和接触层非线性摩擦力的影响,表现出复杂的多值映射特征.通过引入动态迟滞逆算子,将存在于超声波电机逆系统中的多值映射在新的扩张输入空间上,转换为一一映射;然后使用神经网络建立超声波电机的逆模型,对迟滞和非线性摩擦力的影响进行补偿.所建立的模型结构简单,可以在线调整适应电机参数的非线性变化.实验仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性.     

低功耗数字控制超长波发射与接收系统

针对管道、矿山和水下等特殊环境中的信息通讯与信号传输等问题,根据超长波(ELF Electromagnetic Wave)具有传播损耗小且相位稳定等特点,给出了超长波发射与接收系统的设计原理与实现过程.发射系统采用单片机控制,输出的信号经发射天线产生23 Hz超长波,接收系统对采集到的信号进行带通滤波及放大处理.工程实验表明,所设计的系统在锂电池供电状态下,具有发射功耗低(连续工作时间大于72 h)、发射功率大(传播距离大于10 m)、且对接收的信号处理快速可靠(动态时滞小于5 s)等优点.     

Combined analytical solution of overland flow and sediment transport

With reference to the kinematic wave theory coupled with the hypothesis of constant linear velocity for the rating curve, rising limb analytical solutions have been calculated for overland flow, over an Hortonian-infiltrating surface, and sediment discharge. These analytical solutions are certainly easier to use than the numerical integration of the basic equations and they may be used to obtain an initial evaluation of the parameters of more complex models generally devised for complicated cases.Notation a exponent of the Horton law [T^–1] - b exponent of the rill erosion equation - B inter-rill erosion coefficient [ML^–m–2T ^m–1] - c sediment concentration [ML^–3] - c _o reference sediment concentration [ML^–3] - E _I inter-rill erosion [ML^–2T^–1] - E _R rill erosion [ML^–2T^–1] - f _c final infiltration rate of the soil [LT^–1] - f _o initial infiltration rate of the soil [LT^–1] - h flow depth [L] - h _o reference flow depth [L] - i infiltration rate [LT^–1] - k rill erosion coefficient [ML^–1–b T^–1] - K integration constant - L() Laplace transformation - m exponent of the inter-rill erosion equation - n Manning's coefficient [L^–1/3T] - p rainfall intensity [LT^–1] - q water discharge per unit width [L²T^–1] - q _s sediment discharge per unit width [ML^–1T^–1] - t time [T] - t _p ponding time [T] - x distance along the flow direction [L] Greek Letters coefficient of the stage-discharge equation [L^2–T^–1] - exponent of the stage-discharge equation - rill erosion coefficient [L^–1]     

辐射换热的波长匹配问题

由于水的选择性吸收特性,辐射换热中水份波长匹配一直是一个有分歧的问题。文章通过理论与计算论证了这个问题,得出的结论否定了波长匹配的重要性。     

Wave Groups in Uni-Directional Surface-Wave Models

Uni-directional wave models are used to study wave groups that appear in wave tanks of hydrodynamic laboratories; characteristic for waves in such tanks is that the wave length is rather small, comparable to the depth of the layer. In second-order theory, the resulting Nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation for the envelope of the wave group contains the dispersion of the group velocity multiplying the linear term and a gen-coefficient that results from mode generation multiplying the nonlinear term. The signs of these coefficients determine whether experimentally relevant wave groups are possible or not. If the dispersion is modelled in such a way that it is correct for all wave lengths for infinitesimal waves, relevant wave groups are obtained consisting of constituent waves with a certain maximal wave length; other models for the dispersion (such as in the KdV-equation) lead to different results.