A dispatching method for automated guided vehicles by using a bidding concept

A dispatching method is suggested for automated guided vehicles by using an auction algorithm. The dispatching method in this study is different from traditional dispatching rules in that it looks into the future for an efficient assignment of delivery tasks to vehicles and also in that multiple tasks are matched with multiple vehicles. The dispatching method in this study is distributed in the sense that the dispatching decisions are made through communication among related vehicles and machines. The theoretical rationale behind the distributed dispatching method is also discussed. Through a simulation study, the performance of the method is compared with that of a popular dispatching rule. RID="*" ID="*" The research was financially supported by the Sasakawa Scientific Research Grant from The Japan Science Society. The original version of the simulation program is provided by Professor Jae Yeon Kim at Dong Yang University, Korea. Correspondence to: J. K. Lim     

SIVA: A System for Coverage-Directed State Space Search

We introduce SImulation Verification with Augmentation (SIVA), a tool for coverage-directed state space search on digital hardware designs. SIVA tightly integrates simulation with symbolic techniques for efficient state space search. Specifically, the core algorithm uses a combination of ATPG and BDDs to generate directed input vectors, i.e., inputs which cover behavior not excited by simulation. We also present approaches to automatically generate lighthouses that guide the search towards hard-to-reach coverage goals. Experiments demonstrate that our approach is capable of achieving significantly greater coverage than either simulation or symbolic techniques in isolation.     

A distributed routing method for AGVs under motion delay disturbance

In real transportation environments for semi-conductor manufacturing, unexpected disturbances such as motion delays and/or sudden requests for transportation may cause collisions among AGVs increasing total transportation time. It is required to generate a collision-free routing for multiple automated guided vehicles (AGVs) within a few seconds. In this paper, we propose a distributed routing method under motion delay disturbance for multiple AGVs. The proposed method features a characteristic that each AGV subsystem derives its optimal route to minimize the sum of the transportation time and the penalties with respect to collision probability with other AGVs. The penalties reflect the collision probability distribution function for motion delay disturbances. The proposed method is applied to a routing problem for transportation in the semiconductor fabrication bay with 143 nodes and 20 AGVs. The computational results show that the total transportation time obtained by the proposed method is shorter than that of the conventional method. For dynamic transportation environments, an optimal timing for re-routing multiple AGVs under motion delay disturbance is systematically determined by the tradeoff relationship between the total computation time to derive a solution and the uncertainties for re-routings. Markov chain is used to represent uncertainty distribution for re-routings. The proposed method is implemented in an experimental transportation system with 51 nodes and 5 AGVs. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is applicable to real transportation environments.     

Heavy traffic analysis of a single vehicle loop in an automated storage and retrieval system

We consider an automated storage/retrieval system in which cargo moves between the storage/retrieval machines and the system entrance/exit stations through a single automated vehicle loop. Past studies indicated that the cargo waiting time in the loop is affected by the dispatching rules, which govern the sequence of the cargo to be handled. In this paper, we show that the loop configuration, which has received little research attention, also has a big impact on the cargo waiting time. When the first-come-first-served dispatching rule is used, we derive the relationship between the number of stations and the ratio of the average cargo retrieval time to the average cargo storage time. When the first-encountered-first-served dispatching rule is used, we show that even the arrangement of the input channel and the output channel of a station can have significant impact on the cargo waiting time. Furthermore, we derive a formula for the vehicle visit rate for each station under heavy traffic conditions. This formula helps to explain the phenomenon that the waiting times at different stations can be very different even when the loop is symmetrically designed and the cargo arrival rates to the stations are similar. In addition to analytical models, we use simulations to evaluate the performance of different loop configurations. Our research suggests that a substantial improvement can be achieved by making proper adjustments to the loop configuration.     

精确制导武器由研制向生产过渡的风险分析及对策研究

降低第三、四代精确制导武器由研制向生产过渡的风险,按期向用户交付优质合格的产品,及早装备部队,形成战斗力,是国内多数军工企业面临的共同挑战。机载精确制导武器装备型号研制的成功并不意味着生产的成功。本文通过研究并识别影响研制向生产过渡过程中存在的十种风险因素,找出相应的八种解决方法及对策,探索了降低研制向生产过渡风险的有效途径。     

激光末制导炮弹故障分析

激光末制导炮弹属精确打击弹药，越来越受到重视。文中对激光末制导炮弹的主要故障现象进行了系统分析、定位，梳理故障发生的机理和原因及改进方向，为进一步提高激光末制导炮弹的质量水平和战斗效能提供了指导。     

超远程制导炮弹滚转控制特性数值模拟

以三维N—S方程为出发方程，采用S—A湍流模型，对超远程制导炮弹的绕流场进行了数值模拟，研究鸭舵不能进行滚转控制的机理。数值模拟结果表明。对于固定尾翼鸭式布局导弹，当鸭舵做副翼偏转进行滚转控制时，在尾翼上产生数值很大的反向诱导滚转力矩。使鸭舵难以进行滚转控制。通过分析提出了鸭舵不能进行滚转控制的解决措施。     

战术激光中继镜系统

激光中继镜技术将激光源与光束控制部分离,降低了大气等因素对激光性能的影响.介绍了激光中继镜的概念及工作过程,分析了战术激光中继镜系统的优势与面临的技术挑战,最后介绍了美国中继镜技术的发展概况.     

防暴武器内弹道仿真计算软件研究

为了提高防暴武器内弹道计算精确性,在阐明97式18.4mm动能痛块弹的结构组成及发射原理基础上,结合经典内弹道和准两相流内弹道方程建立了相应内弹道模型,通过对数值模拟得到的发射过程最大膛压和弹丸初速的误差分析,修正了内弹道模型次要功系数,使模型更接近真实情况;进而利用M语言及VB6.O编制了防暴武器内弹道仿真计算软件,可简便实现防暴武器内弹道的快速、精确计算.     

复合材料连接结构健康监测技术研究进展

连接结构是大型复合材料结构的关键环节,对保证复合材料结构的完整性具有重要作用。由于复合材料连接结构存在复杂的非线性耦合因素,使得复合材料连接结构的强度和破坏模式分析十分困难,因此,必须对复合材料连接结构的健康状态进行监测、诊断、评价和预测,通过在线监测获得的信息实时掌握结构的健康状况与对外界载荷的响应,并在此基础上对未来可能发生的缺陷和故障进行预报,以便能在合适时间段内采取措施,以保证复合材料结构的安全服役并取得最大的经济效益。以飞行器复合材料连接结构为背景,首先简要分析了复合材料胶接连接、机械连接和混合连接形式的损伤和失效模式,然后重点介绍了基于波传播法、阻抗法、智能涂层监测法、真空比较监测法、光纤传感监测法和混合集成监测法的复合材料连接结构健康监测(SHM)技术的研究进展,最后讨论了飞行器复合材料连接结构健康监测技术的发展趋势和面临的挑战。