喷气织机用异形筘及其发展方向

介绍了喷气织机用异形筘的发展现状,从主要原材料、制造装备、创新能力3方面分析了我国在异形筘制造技术上与国外先进水平的差距;指出,我国异形筘应在筘齿齿形,玻璃纤维织物专用筘,提高耐磨损及抗蚀性能,研发智能化全自动编筘机、筘梁注胶机及检测用工装与量具,如筘齿垂直度、倾侧度测量器等方面多下功夫。     

Effect of working position and cold environment on muscle activation level and fatigue in the upper limb during manual work tasks

Several occupational groups are exposed to periods of low ambient temperatures while performing manual work tasks outdoors. Work tasks typically include heavy lifting, tool handling, and overhead work. This study evaluated the effect of working position and cold environment on muscle activation level (%RMS_max) and fatigue in the upper limb during manual work tasks. Fourteen male participants (25 ± 3 years, 80.9 ± 6.4 kg, 182 ± 5 cm) completed a 2-h test protocol consisting of five test periods alternating with four work periods, wearing identical sets of clothing, under cold (−15 °C) and control (5 °C) conditions. The work periods consisted of manual work at the hip level, manual overhead work, and a lifting exercise. The test periods consisted of isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) and seated rest. Skin temperatures decreased during cold exposure, especially in the extremities. %RMS_max in the forearm was higher in the cold condition both during overhead work and work at the hip level than that for the same work in the control condition, especially at the end of the test when the difference was approximately 25% (equating to 2–3 %RMS_max). For the middle deltoid muscle, the %RMS_max was approximately three times (or 10 %RMS_max) higher during overhead work than work at the hip level, but there was no additional cost of working in the cold. Signs of deltoid muscle fatigue (decrease in electromyography median power frequency and an increase in %RMS_max) were observed during the overhead work periods in both temperature conditions. No decrease in MVC, as a sign of overall muscle fatigue, was observed in either condition.Relevance to industryThis study demonstrated that when wearing suitable cold-weather protective clothing, the adverse effect of work posture is much higher than that of cold on muscle demand and physical strain.     

内嵌预应力螺旋肋钢丝加固混凝土梁受弯性能试验研究

采用内嵌预应力加固法张拉系统,提出开槽、加固和张拉螺旋肋钢丝、填胶的施工工艺,并在此基础上,进行了10个内嵌预应力螺旋肋钢丝加固混凝土梁试件的试验研究。结果表明,采用内嵌预应力螺旋肋钢丝加固法,能够较好地改善被加固钢筋混凝土梁的整体工作性能,大幅度提高其开裂荷载,对屈服荷载和极限荷载也有明显的改善。随加固量及预应力水平不同被加固梁开裂荷载提高幅度为72.6%~321.26%,屈服荷载提高幅度为6.19%~99.09%,极限荷载提高幅度为46.04%~135.27%,加固效果明显。该加固方法能够有效改善加固梁的延性和安全性能,梁试件刚度提高明显,对裂缝的产生和发展都有约束作用,具有良好的加固效果,同时螺旋肋钢丝的高强性能也得到了充分发挥。     

Enamel alteration following tooth bleaching and remineralization

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of professional tooth whitening agents containing highly concentrated hydrogen peroxide (with and without laser activation), on the enamel surface; and the potential of four different toothpastes to remineralize any alterations. The study was performed on 50 human molars, divided in two groups: treated with Opalescence^® Boost and Mirawhite^® Laser Bleaching. Furthermore, each group was divided into five subgroups, a control one and 4 subgroups remineralized with: Mirasensitive^® hap+, Mirawhite^® Gelle?, GC Tooth Mousse? and Mirafluor^® C. The samples were analysed by SEM/3D‐SEM‐micrographs, SEM/EDX‐qualitative analysis and SEM/EDX‐semiquantitative analysis. The microphotographs show that both types of bleaching cause alterations: emphasized perikymata, erosions, loss of interprizmatic substance; the laser treatment is more aggressive and loss of integrity of the enamel is determined by shearing off the enamel rods. In all samples undergoing remineralization deposits were observed, those of toothpastes based on calcium phosphate technologies seem to merge with each other and cover almost the entire surface of the enamel. Loss of integrity and minerals were detected only in the line‐scans of the sample remineralized with GC Tooth Mousse?. The semiquantitative EDX analysis of individual elements in the surface layer of the enamel indicates that during tooth‐bleaching with HP statistically significant loss of Na and Mg occurs, whereas the bleaching in combination with a laser leads to statistically significant loss of Ca and P. The results undoubtedly confirm that teeth whitening procedures lead to enamel alterations. In this context, it must be noted that laser bleaching is more aggressive for dental substances. However, these changes are reversible and can be repaired by application of remineralization toothpastes.     

弧齿式与锯齿式接链环的比较

分析了锯齿式接链环结构的不合理性和其换代产品弧齿式接链环结构的合理性,并对两者的技术性能、使用寿命等进行了比较分析,认为弧齿式接链环具有较高的破断强度和疲劳强度,是目前井下使用的接链环更新换代的最佳产品。     

克林根贝格螺旋锥齿轮齿面修正的数学模型

通过对螺旋锥齿轮副啮合性能及特点分析和讨论,指出了克林根贝格(Klingelnberg)齿制的齿形特征和切齿原理的特殊性。在运用齿轮啮合原理的基础上,建立克林根贝格(Klingelnberg)齿制局部共轭齿面修正的数学模型。     

硬致密泥岩钻进的新型复合片钻头的研究与应用

介绍了一种新型齿形的复合片钻头，在硬致密泥岩中钻进，与常规复合片钻头相比，具有很高的钻进效率和高的钻头寿命，解决了泥岩钻进效率低的难题。     

树根桩在基础加固工程中的应用

树根桩对于已建建筑物的地基加固纠偏具有独到之处，效果显著。通过工程实例分析，对树根桩的设计原理、施工方法和其承载力作了阐述。     

渐开线少齿差行星传动的弹流润滑分析

探讨了渐开线少齿差行星传动的弹性流体动力润滑计算,并推导出相应的计算公式以及分析了该传动的润滑状态,为渐开线少齿差行星传动的耐磨损设计提供了必要的理论依据。     

Sugar Beet Grown Using Nutrient Film Technique: Yield and Nutritional Quality

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L cv Great Western Sugar) was grown using the nutrient film technique with a half-strength modified Hoagland nutrient solution to determine its biomass yield and nutritional quality. After 6 months, storage root and foliage weights per plant were 493·1 g and 551·0 g, respectively. Sucrose content in the fresh storage root was 118·4 g kg⁻¹ but was less than 10 g kg⁻¹ in the fresh leaves and petioles. Some nutrients in the leaves and petioles were analysed to evaluate their potential as a leafy vegetable. Fresh leaf protein, total dietary fibre, mineral (Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe and K), vitamin (carotene, ascorbic acid and thiamine) and oxalic acid concentrations were similar to those of consumer-accepted green vegetables.