新型微发泡气体注射器注气过程可视化研究

气体注射器是微发泡注塑过程中一个重要装置,本文研究了新型气体注射器的注气过程,通过高速摄像和计算机数据采集系统采集的压力曲线分析注气过程,发现气体从气体注射器进入可视化装置时呈分散状态,有利于在微发泡过程中气体与熔体的分散混合。通过压力数据计算注气流量并配合高速摄像图像分析发现,注气压差和初始水压对注气流量影响很大。通过研究注气过程和注气量,发现新型微发泡气体注射器注气过程稳定可控,可用于微发泡注塑实验。     

热裂解气质联用鉴别PA56、PA66和PA6

采用热裂解气质联用（Py-GC/MS）方法鉴别聚酰胺56（PA56）、聚酰胺66（PA66）和聚酰胺6（PA6）及其共混物。结果表明,在550 ℃裂解温度下,PA56与PA66相对丰度100 %的峰为环戊酮,分别具有特征裂解产物1,8-二氮杂环十三烷-2,7?二酮和1,8-二氮杂环十四烷-2,7-二酮,PA6相对丰度100 %的峰为己内酰胺;此方法可用于快速鉴别PA56、PA66和PA6的工业初级品,并成功检出了PA6/PA56共混物、PA6/PA66改性共混物与改性PA66。     

钢件的甲酰胺高温气体碳氮共渗

应用气体渗碳的计算机精确控制技术，对常用低碳钢（AISI8720）进行了高温气体碳氮共渗试验，对不同渗碳条件（在不同时间加入不可比例的甲酰胺）下低碳钢的渗层深度和硬度进行了测定和比较分析，得出渗氮介质比较例、时间等因素对于高温气体碳氮共渗过程的影响规律。     

Flexible Furnace Concepts for Vacuum Heat Treatment Combined with High-pressure Gas Quenching

IN the past five years the process combination of vacuum hardening, respectively vacuum carburizing with high-pressure gas quenching was successfully introduced to the market, especially in the manufacture of gears. In the meantime furnace concepts for various applications are available to the industry. In the following report three plant varieties are introduced, which differ in process flexibility and throughput. This report also explains criteria for the selection of a furnace in view of the existing application requirements. Besides this a short introduction is given into the vacuum carburizing process and the high-pressure gas quenching technology.     

纳米尺度下钯元素的催化效应及气敏机理

在研究了贵金属Pd和离子Pd2+催化剂对纳米结构厚膜材料气敏特性的影响之后,提出了纳米催化效应的见解。认为将微量Pd2+的水溶液加入到纳米晶SnO2-x粉体中,可使Pd2+离子均匀地分布。所形成的PdO1-x纳米晶,能更均匀地存在于纳米结构厚膜材料载体中,有望对可燃性气体起到最有效的纳米催化作用。实验结果表明当Pd2+离子最佳的引入量为1.04mol%时,对3000×10-6甲烷的灵敏度可达9～11。     

On the gas dynamics of HVOF thermal sprays

An experimental study of the gas-dynamic aspects of the high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) thermal spray process has been performed using commercially available HVOF equipment (Hobart-Tafa JP-5000, Ho-bart-Tafa Technologies, Inc., Concord, NH). Optical diagnostic techniques, including microsecond-expo-sure schlieren and shadowgraph imaging, were applied to visualize the hot supersonic jet produced by this equipment without particle injection. Rapid turbulent mixing of the jet with the surrounding atmos-phere was observed, which is an issue of concern in coating quality due to the possibility of oxidation of sprayed particles. This mixing appears to be a function of the ratio of densities of the hot jet and the cold atmosphere as well as a function of the velocity of the jet, rather than one of combustion-chamber pres-sure or barrel length. The supersonic core of the HVOF jet dissipates rapidly due to the mixing, so that the jet is no longer supersonic when it impinges on the target surface being sprayed. Secondary issues also observed in this study include strong jet-noise radiation from the HVOF plume and the entrainment and induced bulk motion of the surrounding air.     

气体氮碳共渗钢板表面粗糙度和形貌的研究

研究了抛光冷轧钢板气体氮碳共渗时氨流量对共渗层表面粗糙度和形貌的影响。用扫描电镜和表面粗糙度仪对氮碳共渗层的表面形貌进行观察和测定。结果表明，随氨流量的增大，氮碳共渗层表面的粗糙度减小，表面组织细小致密。当氨流量小于1．0m^3／h时，表面粗糙度随共渗时间的延长逐步增大。钢板表面粗糙度与工件在炉中的位置和排布方式以及氨分解率有关。     

Dry and clean age hardening of aluminum alloys by high-pressure gas quenching

When precipitation-hardenable aluminum parts are water quenched, distortion occurs due to thermal stresses. Thereby, a costly reworking is necessary, and for this reason polymer quenchants are often used to reduce distortion, with the disadvantage that the quenched parts have to be cleaned after quenching. In opposition to liquid quenchants, gas quenching may decrease distortion due to the better temperature uniformity during quenching. Furthermore, cleaning of the quenched parts can be avoided because it is a dry process. For this purpose, a heat-treating process was evaluated that included a high-pressure gasquenching step. Gas quenching was applied to different aluminum alloys (i.e., 2024, 6013, 7075, and A357.0), and tensile tests have been carried out to determine the mechanical properties after solution annealing, gas quenching, and aging. Besides high-pressure gas quenching, alloy 2024 was quenched at ambient pressure in a gas nozzle field. The high velocity at the gas outlet leads to an accelerated cooling of the aluminum alloy in this case. Aluminum castings and forgings can be classified as an interesting field of application of these quenching methods due to their near-net shape before the heat treatment. Cost savings would be possible due to the reduced distortion, and therefore, less reworking after the precipitation hardening.     

SnO2纳米粉体制备及其气敏性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出尺寸小于100nm的SnO2纳米粉体，并采用XRD，TEM等手段对其进行表征，进而将粉体制成旁热式气敏元件测试其气敏性能。结果表明，粉体的尺寸随热处理温度的变化较大，所制气敏元件具有优良的气敏特性，响应恢复时间可以保证其正常使用，但功耗较大，灵敏度较高，尤其对甲烷有较高的灵敏度。     

Characterization of YSZ solid oxide fuel cells electrolyte deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying and low pressure plasma spraying

Yttria doped zirconia has been widely used as electrolyte materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Plasma spraying is a cost-effective process to deposit YSZ electrolyte. In this study, the 8 mol% Y₂O₃ stabilized ZrO₂ (YSZ) layer was deposited by low pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) and atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) with fused-crushed and agglomerated powders to examine the effect of spray method and particle size on the electrical conductivity and gas permeability of YSZ coating. The microstructure of YSZ coating was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis. The results showed that the gas permeability was significantly influenced by powder structure. The gas permeability of YSZ coating deposited by fused-crushed powder is one order lower in magnitude than that by agglomerated powder. Moreover, the gas permeability of YSZ deposited by LPPS is lower than that of APS YSZ. The electrical conductivity of the deposits through thickness direction was measured by potentiostat/galvanostat based on three-electrode assembly approach. The electrical conductivity of YSZ coating deposited by low pressure plasma spraying with fused-crushed powder of small particle size was 0.043 S cm⁻¹ at 100 °C, which is about 20% higher than that of atmospheric plasma spraying YSZ with the same powder. This article was originally published inBuilding on 100 Years of Success, Proceedings of the 2006 International Thermal Spray Conference (Seattle, WA), May 15–18, 2006, B.R. Marple, M.M. Hyland, Y.-Ch. Lau, R.S. Lima, and J. Voyer, Ed., ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 2006.